Assad Aghahoseini FRCS

• Staff grade surgeon
• York Hospital NHS Trust, York, UK

Energy erectile dysfunction pump as seen on tv purchase tadacip 20 mg amex, nutrient intake and prostate cancer risk: A populationbased case-control study in Sweden erectile dysfunction treatment guidelines quality 20 mg tadacip. Influence of formula versus breast milk on cholesterol synthesis rates in four-month-old infants erectile dysfunction treatment san diego 20 mg tadacip fast delivery. Effect of egg yolk feeding on the concentration and composition of serum lipoproteins in man erectile dysfunction doctor pune cheap tadacip 20 mg without a prescription. Reproducibility of the variations between humans in the response of serum cholesterol to cessation of egg consumption. Dependence of the effects of dietary cholesterol and experimental conditions on serum lipids in man. A proteolytic pathway that controls the cholesterol content of membranes, cells, and blood. Body fat distribution is a determinant of the high-density lipoprotein response to dietary fat and cholesterol in women. The interrelated effects of dietary cholesterol and fat upon human serum lipid levels. Comparison of deuterium incorporation and mass isotopomer distribution analysis for measurement of human cholesterol biosynthesis. Role of liver in the maintenance of cholesterol and low density lipoprotein homeostasis in different animal species, including humans. Effect of dietary cholesterol on plasma cholesterol concentration in subjects following reduced fat, high fibre diet. Dietary cholesterol and the origin of cholesterol in the brain of developing rats. The effect of partial hydrogenation of dietary fats, of the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acids, and of dietary cholesterol upon plasma lipids in man. Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality: Lipid research clinics prevalence follow-up study. Relation of infant feeding to adult serum cholesterol concentration and death from ischaemic heart disease. Effects of dietary cholesterol and fat saturation on plasma lipoproteins in an ethnically diverse population of healthy young men. Franceschi S, Favero A, Decarli A, Negri E, La Vecchia C, Ferraroni M, Russo A, Salvini S, Amadori D, Conti E, Montella M, Giacosa A. A dose-response study of the effects of dietary cholesterol on fasting and postprandial lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in healthy young men. Plasma and dietary cholesterol in infancy: Effects of early low or moderate dietary cholesterol intake on subsequent response to increased dietary cholesterol. Cholesterol synthesis and accretion within various tissues of the fetal and neonatal rat. Identification of a receptor mediating absorption of dietary cholesterol in the intestine. Comparison of serum cholesterol in children fed high, moderate, or low cholesterol milk diets during neonatal period. A prospective study of egg consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease in men and women. Triglycerides, fatty acids, sterols, mono- and disaccharides and sugar alcohols in human milk and current types of infant formula milk. Fat composition of the infant diet does not influence subsequent serum lipid levels in man. Human milk total lipid and cholesterol are dependent on interval of sampling during 24 hours. Dietary fat and breast cancer in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Congruence of individual responsiveness to dietary cholesterol and to saturated fat in humans. Effects of dietary cholesterol on cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis in patients with cholesterol gallstones. Intestinal cholesterol absorption efficiency in man is related to apoprotein E phenotype. Effect of dietary cholesterol in normolipidemic subjects is not modified by nature and amount of dietary fat. Dietary saturated and trans fatty acids and cholesterol and 25-year mortality from coronary heart disease: the Seven Countries Study. The influence of egg consumption on the serum cholesterol level in human subjects. Duration of breast feeding and arterial distensibility in early adult life: Population based study. A case-control study of diet and colorectal cancer in a multiethnic population in Hawaii (United States): Lipids and foods of animal origin. The long term effects of dietary cholesterol upon the plasma lipids, lipoproteins, cholesterol adsorption, and the sterol balance in man: the demonstration of feedback inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and increased bile acid excretion. Phytosterolaemia in a Norwegian family: Diagnosis and characterization of the first Scandinavian case. Alterations in human high-density lipoproteins, with or without increased plasma-cholesterol, induced by diets high in cholesterol. Long term steroid metabolism balance studies in subjects on cholesterol-free and cholesterol-rich diets: Comparison between normal and hypercholesterolemic individuals. The relationship of dietary fat and cholesterol to mortality in 10 years: the Honolulu Heart Program. Dietary cholesterol and the plasma lipids and lipoproteins in the Tarahumara Indians: A people habituated to a low cholesterol diet after weaning. The absorption of cholesterol and the sterol balance in the Tarahumara Indians of Mexico fed cholesterol-free and high cholesterol diets. Cholesterol, phytosterols, and polyunsaturated/saturated fatty acid ratios during the first 12 months of lactation. Individual variation in the effects of dietary cholesterol on plasma lipoproteins and cellular cholesterol homeostasis in man. Studies of low density lipoprotein receptor activity and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity in blood mononuclear cells. Lipoproteincholesterol responses in healthy infants fed defined diets from ages 1 to 12 months: Comparison of diets predominant in oleic acid versus linoleic acid, with parallel observations in infants fed a human milk-based diet. Differences in cholesterol metabolism in juvenile baboons are programmed by breast-versus formula-feeding. Changes in cholesterol synthesis and excretion when cholesterol intake is increased. Effect of dietary egg on variability of plasma cholesterol levels and lipoprotein cholesterol. Intake of fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease in a cohort of Finnish men. Effects of dietary cholesterol on the regulation of total body cholesterol in man. Tissue storage and control of cholesterol metabolism in man on high cholesterol diets. Infant feeding and adult glucose tolerance, lipid profile, blood pressure, and obesity. Control of serum cholesterol homeostasis by cholesterol in the milk of the suckling rat. The role of orphan nuclear receptors in the regulation of cholesterol homeostasis. Genetic factors influence the atherogenic response of lipoproteins to dietary fat and cholesterol in nonhuman primates. U-shape relationship between change in dietary cholesterol absorption and plasma lipoprotein responsiveness and evidence for extreme interindividual variation in dietary cholesterol absorption in humans. Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded Dietary palmitic acid results in lower serum cholesterol than does a lauric-myristic acid combination in normolipemic humans. The effect of increased egg consumption on plasma cholesteryl ester transfer activity in healthy subjects.

Promoting implementation of the birth dose coverage of hepatitis B vaccine as a national quality measure and the adoption of facility-based reporting will greatly enhance our ability to monitor progress toward the goal of elimination erectile dysfunction after stopping zoloft tadacip 20mg on-line. To support these efforts impotence diabetes discount 20 mg tadacip mastercard, researchers must pursue studies Federal partners and other stakeholders will develop and implement strategies to increase hepatitis A and B vaccination rates among vulnerable populations erectile dysfunction drugs history buy 20mg tadacip free shipping, working directly with these populations as well as within their respective networks of providers erectile dysfunction in your 20s purchase tadacip 20 mg fast delivery, grantees who serve them, and other allies. Vaccinate All Vulnerable Youth and Adults Safe and effective hepatitis A and B vaccines are currently available. However, research continues to develop improved hepatitis A and B vaccines and move us closer toward new vaccines to prevent hepatitis C and E infections. Between calendar years 2014 and 2016, the federal partners will Advance Hepatitis Vaccine Research Action Plan for the Prevention, Care, & Treatment of Viral Hepatitis 2014-2016. Additional research is needed to bring these candidate vaccines into production to benefit vulnerable populations. Federal agencies will continue to collaborate with nonfederal stakeholders to evaluate hepatitis E vaccine candidates, develop capacity and tools to support studies of such candidates, and study vaccine implementation in endemic countries. Success in eliminating transmission of vaccine-preventable viral hepatitis will require the involvement of the many parts of the public health, medical, and research communities, including health departments, health care providers, laboratory workers, patients, hospitals and birthing centers, pharmaceutical companies and others in the vaccine industry, partners in the National Vaccine Plan, related professional associations, and community and advocacy groups representing vulnerable populations. Identify pregnant women with hepatitis B infection early in pregnancy and determine appropriate referral for evaluation, care, and treatment or vaccination during pregnancy. Educate clinical providers to screen for hepatitis B in children considered to be at increased risk because they were not vaccinated at birth and their parents were born in countries highly endemic for hepatitis B. Revise and create a new model for estimating of the number of births to hepatitis B infected pregnant women. Encourage studies on the safety and efficacy of continuing antiviral therapy for hepatitis B during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Obtain expert opinion on setting a goal for elimination of indigenous transmission of hepatitis A virus in the United States. If effective, vaccine has the advantage over immunoglobulin of inducing continuing protection. Studies to assess changes in vaccination protection among older adults can be considered. Priority Area 4: Eliminating Transmission of Vaccine-Preventable Viral Hepatitis Priority Area 5: Reducing Viral Hepatitis Caused by Drug Use Behaviors. Action Plan for the Prevention, Care, & Treatment of Viral Hepatitis 2014-2016 Stop the spread of viral hepatitis associated with drug use. A broad cross-section of public- and private-sector partners is increasingly alarmed by the emergence of an epidemic of hepatitis C infection among young people who inject drugs, both male and female, primarily in rural and suburban settings, who started prescription opioid use before transitioning to heroin injection. There is an urgent need for research, surveillance, and prevention strategies that interrupt viral hepatitis transmission in order to curb rising incidence rates in young people and others who use and/or inject drugs. Develop and mobilize community resources to prevent viral hepatitis caused by injection drug use. Expand access to and delivery of hepatitis prevention, care, and treatment services in correctional settings. Outlined next are the key activities that federal partners plan to take to reduce viral hepatitis associated with drug use behaviors. Priority Area 5: Reducing Viral Hepatitis Caused By Drug Use Behaviors Provide training and education for recovery and treatment providers. Though efforts have been made to promote education, many substance abuse treatment providers remain unaware of the high rates of viral hepatitis among those facing addictions and what role they may be able to play in helping to prevent or diagnose these infections. In addition, federal partners will work with agencies on integrating new viral hepatitis protocols into existing practices that support people as they reenter communities from recent incarceration. In response to this need, federal partners will work toward the integration of viral hepatitis prevention, screening, and care services where opportunities exist. Integrating evidence-based medical and behavioral drug treatment and recovery services with viral hepatitis prevention, care, and treatment services can help to improve health outcomes and reduce the further transmission of these infections. Ensure Access to Hepatitis Prevention, Care, and Treatment Integrate behavioral health and hepatitis services. Action Plan for the Prevention, Care, & Treatment of Viral Hepatitis 2014-2016 improve viral hepatitis prevention, care, and treatment for all drug users. It is critical, especially in rural and underserved areas, that these partnerships include an array of organizations, including local health departments, pharmacies, law enforcement, social service agencies, community organizations, health care providers, and other stakeholders. Federal agencies will work to strengthen nonfederal partnerships to increase awareness, support community mobilization, and extend the reach of the Viral Hepatitis Action Plan. Creating viral hepatitis prevention partnerships with community-based providers of hepatitis care and other medical and social services targeted to substance users can help to synergize efforts; improve the delivery of hepatitis prevention services; and reduce stigma and discrimination against people who inject drugs in need of medical, behavioral, and public health services. Priority Area 5: Reducing Viral Hepatitis Caused By Drug Use Behaviors Develop and Mobilize Community Resources for Prevention Launch and strengthen partnerships. Additional research into the risk factors for hepatitis transmission in young persons is needed to inform prevention interventions for this population. Priority Area 5: Reducing Viral Hepatitis Caused By Drug Use Behaviors the prevalence of viral hepatitis is high among persons who are incarcerated, many of whom have a history of injection drug use. Identifying persons infected with viral hepatitis in correctional settings provides an important opportunity to intervene with needed prevention and care services. Expand Access and Services in Correctional Settings Increase availability of viral hepatitis testing and services in federal, state, and local correctional facilities. To support expansion of access to quality viral hepatitis services in correctional settings, federal agencies will work with federal and nonfederal partners at the federal, state, and local levels to increase the availability and implementation of training activities. Due to the high prevalence of viral hepatitis among people who are incarcerated, there is a pressing need to increase the availability of prevention, care, and treatment services for this population. Integrate viral hepatitis prevention, screening, and care services as standard components of behavioral health programs and primary care. Increase capacity for mental health services among individuals with viral hepatitis. Examine the feasibility of incorporating hepatitis C education into the training materials for doctors newly licensed to prescribe buprenorphine. Provide training to outreach programs serving the reentry population on how to integrate Screening, Brief Interventions, and Referral to Treatment into existing protocols and practices. Develop and disseminate a hepatitis treatment curriculum to improve hepatitis services for persons who inject drugs. Provide training to physicians in behavioral health and primary care programs on officebased treatment of opioid dependence using buprenorphine or naloxone products. Assist physicians receiving appropriate training to obtain the Drug Enforcement Administration waiver needed to prescribe buprenorphine products for treatment of opioid dependence. Conduct qualitative research to investigate views of prospective prescribers of opioid treatment therapies to measure hepatitis C knowledge and willingness to learn about hepatitis C. Assess ongoing and planned activities to reduce viral hepatitis related to drug-use for effectiveness. Where state, local, or private resources are available, these comprehensive services should include access to sterile injection equipment. Partner with the Office of National Drug Control Policy to increase awareness and community mobilization to prevent viral hepatitis infections caused by injection drug use. Increase the availability and uptake of viral hepatitis training on prevention, care, and treatment for health and nonhealth staff in federal, state, and local correctional facilities in collaboration with federal and nonfederal partners. Demonstrate whether antiviral therapy of patients with acute or chronic hepatitis C infection is effective in reducing the spread of infection in high-risk situations, such as injection drug use. Priority Area 5: Reducing Viral Hepatitis Caused By Drug Use Behaviors Priority Area 6: Protecting Patients and Workers from Health CareAssociated Viral Hepatitis. Action Plan for the Prevention, Care, & Treatment of Viral Hepatitis 2014-2016 Quality health care is safe health care. Stakeholders in the Action Plan recognize that such health care-associated infections are an important public health and patient safety issue and are committed to better understanding the causes and further reducing the risk of their occurrence.

Other risk factors reported less consistently include levels of parental education impotence nhs tadacip 20mg without a prescription, specific childhood illnesses erectile dysfunction doctor nyc buy 20 mg tadacip mastercard, birth order causes of erectile dysfunction and premature ejaculation purchase tadacip 20 mg online, and larger family size erectile dysfunction medication options purchase tadacip 20mg with amex. There is insufficient evidence that brief, formal screening instruments that are suitable for use in primary care for assessing speech and language development can accurately identify children who would benefit from further evaluation and intervention. Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents Title Population Recommendation Primary Care Interventions to Prevent Tobacco Use in Children and Adolescents School-aged children and adolescents Provide interventions to prevent initiation of tobacco use. Grade: B the strongest factors associated with smoking initiation in children and adolescents are parental smoking and parental nicotine dependence. Other factors include low levels of parental monitoring, easy access to cigarettes, perception that peers smoke, and exposure to tobacco promotions. Behavioral counseling interventions, such as face-to-face or phone interaction with a health care provider, print materials, and computer applications, can reduce the risk for smoking initiation in school-aged children and adolescents. The type and intensity of effective behavioral interventions substantially varies. There is a moderate net benefit to providing primary care interventions to prevent tobacco use in school-aged children and adolescents. Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1 to 5 Title Population Recommendation Screening for Visual Impairment in Children Ages 1 to 5 Children ages 3 to 5 years Provide vision screening. Grade: I (Insufficient Evidence) Various screening tests are used in primary care to identify visual impairment in children, including: Visual acuity test Stereoacuity test Cover-uncover test Hirschberg light reflex test Autorefraction Photoscreening Screening Tests 85 Timing of Screening Interventions No evidence was found regarding appropriate screening intervals. Primary treatment for amblyopia includes the use of corrective lenses, patching, or atropine therapy of the non-affected eye. There is adequate evidence that early treatment of amblyopia in children ages 3 to 5 years leads to improved visual outcomes. There is limited evidence on harms of screening, including psychosocial effects, in children ages 3 years and older. There is inadequate evidence that early treatment of amblyopia in children younger than 3 years of age leads to improved visual outcomes. In deciding whether to refer children younger than 3 years of age for screening, clinicians should consider: Potential preventable burden: screening later in the preschool years seems to be as effective as screening earlier Costs: initial high costs associated with autorefractors and photoscreeners Current practice: typical vision screening includes assessment of visual acuity, strabismus, and stereoacuity; children with positive findings should be referred for a comprehensive ophthalmologist exam Balance of Benefits and Harms Suggestions for Practice Regarding the I Statement For a summary of the evidence systematically reviewed in making these recommendations, the full recommendation statement, and supporting documents, please go to . The review process takes into account input from the medical and research community, stakeholders, and the general public. Preventive Services Task Force Grades Its Recommendations the Task Force assigns each of its recommendations a letter grade (A, B, C, or D) or issues an I statement, based on the certainty of the evidence and on the balance of benefits and harms of the preventive service as displayed in the recommendation grid below. There is high certainty that the net benefit is moderate or there is moderate certainty that the net benefit is moderate to substantial. There is moderate or high certainty that the service has no net benefit or that the harms outweigh the benefits. Evidence is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting, and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. C Offer or provide this service for selected patients depending on individual circumstances. If the service is offered, patients should understand the uncertainty about the balance of benefits and harms. This conclusion is therefore unlikely to be strongly affected by the results of future studies. The available evidence is sufficient to determine the effects of the preventive service on health outcomes, but confidence in the estimate is constrained by such factors as: High the number, size, or quality of individual studies. Moderate As more information becomes available, the magnitude or direction of the observed effect could change, and this change may be large enough to alter the conclusion. Evidence that [the service] is effective is lacking, of poor quality, or conflicting and the balance of benefits and harms cannot be determined. Fair: Evidence is sufficient to determine effects on health outcomes, but the strength of the evidence is limited by the number, quality, or consistency of the individual studies, generalizability to routine practice, or indirect nature of the evidence on health outcomes. Poor: Evidence is insufficient to assess the effects on health outcomes because of limited number or power of studies, important flaws in their design or conduct, gaps in the chain of evidence, or lack of information on important health outcomes. Members come from the fields of preventive medicine and primary care, including internal medicine, family medicine, pediatrics, behavioral health, obstetrics and gynecology, and nursing. Members must have no substantial conflicts of interest that could impair the integrity of the work of the Task Force. Its recommendations apply to people who have no signs or symptoms of the specific disease or condition to which a recommendation applies and are for services prescribed, ordered, or delivered in the primary care setting. Task Force recommendations are based on a rigorous review of existing peer-reviewed evidence. The Task Force assesses the effectiveness of a clinical preventive service by evaluating and balancing the potential benefits and harms of the service. The potential benefits include early identification of disease leading to improvement in health. The potential harms can include adverse effects of the service itself or inaccurate test results that may lead to additional testing, additional risks, or unneeded treatment. The Task Force assigns each recommendation a letter grade (A, B, C, or D grade or an I statement) based on the strength of the evidence and on the balance of benefits and harms of the preventive service. As part of this commitment, the Task Force provides opportunities for the public to provide input during each phase of the recommendation process. A draft research plan is posted for public comment, and feedback is incorporated into a final research plan. The evidence report is sent to subject matter experts for peer review before it is shared with the Task Force. Then, the entire Task Force discusses and deliberates the evidence, weighs the benefits and harms, and uses the information to determine the effectiveness of a service. The Task Force revises and finalizes a draft recommendation statement based on this discussion. The draft evidence report and draft recommendation statement are typically posted together on the Task Force Web site for a period of 4 weeks. During the comment period, any member of the public may submit comments on either or both of the documents. Final Recommendation Statement Then, Task Force members review all the comments received and use them to inform the development of the final recommendation statement. The recommendation statement is sent to all Task Force members for final ratification. The final recommendation statement and evidence summary are published at the same time in a peer-reviewed journal. All recommendation statements and supporting evidence reports are made available on the Task Force Web site ( Please visit the Task Force Web site to learn how and when to nominate topics for consideration by the Task Force or to comment on topics in development. Identifying High Priority Research Gaps In the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010, Congress has specifically charged the Task Force with identifying and reporting each year on areas where current evidence is insufficient to make a recommendation on the use of a clinical preventive service, with special attention to those areas where evidence is needed to make recommendations for specific populations and age groups. View manuals, slides, videos, and commentaries about the methods and processes the Task Force uses. Learn how to interpret recommendations and use them in clinical primary care practice. Preventive Services Task Force myhealthfinder A consumer-friendly resource, myhealthfinder (available at The series includes Men Stay Healthy at Any Age, Women Stay Healthy at Any Age, Men Stay Healthy at 50+, and Women Stay Healthy at 50+, all in English and Spanish. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices, managed and supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a group of medical and public health experts that develops recommendations on how to use vaccines to control diseases in the United States. The recommendations stand as public health advice that will lead to a reduction in the incidence of vaccine preventable diseases and an increase in the safe use of vaccines and related biological products. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration provides resources that help health care providers locate and utilize behavioral health services. Department of Health and Human Services that challenges individuals, communities, and professionals to take specific steps to ensure good health. Healthy People provides science-based, 10-year national objectives for improving the health of all Americans. Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care the Task Force was established by the Public Health Agency of Canada to develop clinical practice guidelines that support primary care providers in delivering preventive health care.

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Physical activity, total energy expenditure, and food intake in grossly obese and normal weight women. Endurance training increases metabolic rate and norepinephrine appearance rate in older individuals. Relation of age and physical exercise status on metabolic rate in younger and older healthy men. Assessment of selective underreporting of food intake by both obese and non-obese women in a metabolic facility. Energy expenditure in overweight and obese adults in affluent societies: An analysis of 319 doubly-labelled water measurements. Characteristics of the lowenergy reporters in a longitudinal national dietary survey. Effects of aerobic exercise and dietary carbohydrate on energy expenditure and body composition during weight reduction in obese women. Effects of persistent physical activity and inactivity on coronary risk factors in children and young adults. Determinants of 24-hour energy expenditure in man: Methods and results using a respiratory chamber. Energy expenditure by doubly labeled water: Validation in lean and obese subjects. Partition of energy metabolism and energy cost of growth in the very lowbirth-weight infant. Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients. A prospective study of body mass index, weight change, and risk of stroke in women. Energy expenditure in underweight free-living adults: Impact of energy supplementation as determined by doubly labeled water and indirect calorimetry. Comparison of the doubly labeled water (2H218O) method with indirect calorimetry and a nutrient-balance study for simultaneous determination of energy expenditure, water intake, and metabolizable energy intake in preterm infants. Dietary energy requirements of young adult men, determined by using the doubly labeled water method. Energy metabolism, body composition, and milk production in healthy Swedish women during lactation.

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