Samuel Christopher Durso, M.D.

• Mason F. Lord Professor of Medicine
• Director, Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology
• Professor of Medicine

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/profiles/results/directory/profile/0012168/samuel-durso

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O-020, S-218 Albertsen, Hans M T-045 Al Dulaimi, Marwah F-191 Aleman, Alejandro O-052 Alesiani, Ornella S-222 Alexandroni, Heli S-020 Alfaidy, Nadia T-124 Alharbi, Mona G. F-003, S-007, S-234, T-242 Alqurashi, Maha T-014, T-015 Alsebaa, Fatimah O-061 Alshawabkeh, Akram T-261 Altayyeb, Ahmad F-042 Altenburger, Veronika F-040 Alteri, Alessandra O-088, S-231 Alvarez, Manuel T-057, T-178 Alvarez-Perez, Jesus T-057, T-178 Alvira, Cristina M. T-070 Amin, Ruchi F-208, S-245, T-264 Amini, Peyvand S-003, S-018 Amit, Ido O-158 Amjad, Sana T-259 Amoako, Akwasi A. S-166 Andrew, Ruth S-064 Andrews, Nick O-066 Andrews, Philip T-224 Andrews, Walker O-051 Andrikopoulou, Maria S-180 Anelli, Gaia M. F-007, S-008, F-008, S-009, T-030 Anzai, Yuzuru S-125, F-127, S-270, S-271 Anzueto, Diana T-116 Apa, Rosanna S-222 Aplin, John D. O-119 Arian, Sara O-048, T-243 Arismendi, Jacquel T-049 Arita, Yuko F-011, F-012, T-172 Armant, D Randall T-154 Armant, D. F-141 Ashcraft, Lisa S-211 Ashour, Dalia S-243 Ashton, Nick F-164 Assibey-Mensah, Vanessa O-101, T-195 Atalyan, Alina F-216 Atkinson, David O-148 Atsushi, Hozawa S-196 Auburn, Helen T-248 Aughwane, Rosalind O-148 Aung, Max T. S-260 Avci, Recep S-100, T-112 Avina, Monika F-021 Avraham, Dana S-020 Awonuga, Awoniyi S-209, F-226, F-231 Axelrod, Michal T-214 Aye, Irving O-145 Aykroyd, Bethany R. Baker, Bernadette S-120 O-072 S-143 F-112 O-148 T-177 O-111 T-052 T-073, F-145 Baker, Bernadette C. S-260 Balakrishnan, Bijina F-244 Balakrishnan, Meena O-046, F-084, F-181 Baldeiras, Ines F-092 Baldessari, Audrey O-001 Baldoni, Franco S-267 Baldwin, Scott S-156 Balendran, Rathesh O-075 Bales, Elise F-244, T-245 Bales, Elise S. S-055, S-059, S-060, S-131 Bansal, Aruna T-138 Bao, Junjie S-006, S-026, T-029, S-157 Bao, Shihua S-265 Bappoo, Nikhilesh O-078 Baptiste, Caitlin T-265, S-266 Baqui, A H. S-053, F-054 Barak, Yaacov T-161 Barapatre, Nirav T-165 Barboni, Barbara T-258 Barila, Guillermo O. 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T-069 Borders, Ann S-077, S-146, S-183, S-263 Bordey, Angelique O-127 Boretto, Matteo T-236 Borgato, Caroline F-234 Borggrewe, Malte T-117 Borisenko, Evgeniya S-269 Boss, Jonathan S-260 Bosse, Bradley F-056 Bossuyt, Patrick M. O-055, S-056, O-154 Bousleiman, Sabine F-058 Boussata, Souad F-155, T-198 Bowman, Megan T-051 Boyer, Theresa T-056, F-057 Boyle, Ashley K. T-121, S-208, T-209 Bradley, Turner F-033 Bragg, Shannon F-192 Braginsky, Lena S-068 Brain, K. O-113, S-235, T-237 Brost, Brian S-127 Broughton Pipkin, Fiona T-190, S-194 Brouwer, Nieske T-117 Brouwers, Laura O-037, O-041, O-093, S-200 Brown, Amy G. T-105 Brown, Lucia T-130, S-188, F-207 Brown, Naoko T-005, T-022 Brown, Richard G. F-014 Brown, Stephen T-130 Brownbill, Paul F-148 Brownfoot, Fiona T-201 Brownfoot, Fiona C. F-106, T-186 Bruce, Margaret S-237 Brummel-Ziedins, Kathleen S-184, F-193, F-219 Brunet-Llobet, Lluis F-267 Brusati, Valentina S-080 Bucher, Matthew O-112, S-165 Buchwalder, Lynn T-205 Buckley, Suzanne M. 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O-038, S-251 Chan, Denise T-009, F-014, T-014, T-015, O-034 Chan, Eng Cheng T-026 Chan, Eng-Cheng F-026 Chan, Jeannie E. S-003 Chandiramani, Manju F-024 Chandra, Sujata T-259 Chandrasekaran, Suchitra T-071 Chandrashekaran, Hamssika O-114 Chang, Eileen I. F-165 Chappell, Lucy S-176 Charles, Cassandra S-033, S-049, F-049 Charnock-Jones, D Stephen O-011, F-196 Charnock-Jones, Stephen O-145, F-205 Charnock-Jones, Steve F-174 Chassen, Stephanie S. F-161 Chattergoon, Natasha T-109 F-226, F-231 Chatzicharalampous, Harry S-209 Chau, Alex F-073 Chauhan, Madhu O-046, F-181 Chauhan, Suneet P. S-158 Chellakkan Selvanesan, Blesson S-223 Chemtob, Sylvain F-016, O-140 Chen, Cheng-Yi T-145 Chen, Chia-Yu T-145 Chen, Chie-Pein T-145 Chen, Chih-Chen F-037, T-042 Chen, Daozhen T-170 Chen, Dongbao O-044, F-137 Chen, Huai-Yan F-027 Chen, Hungwen T-152 Chen, J. S-089 Chen, Lin S-265 Chen, Pei-Chun T-145 Chen, Qi O-038 Chen, Songjie T-002, F-021 Chen, Xinjie T-257 Chen, Yi-Hsien O-114 Chen, Yun O-144 Chen, Yunshan S-026, T-029, S-157 Chen, Zhong T-170 Cheng, Genhong T-175 Chengjin, He S-152 Cheon, Teresa S-125, F-127, S-270, S-271 Cheong, Ana S-086 Cheong-Rae, Roh F-063 Chern, Bernard S-199 Cheryl, Oncken T-168 Chesla, David T-051 Chettier, R F-182 Chettier, Rakesh O-017, O-020, T-045, S-218 Chi, C F-107 Chi, L F-065 Chatterjee, Anindita Chatterjee, Antara Chattopadhay, Niladri Chaturvedula, Latha Chatzicharalampous, Charalampos T-051 T-065 S-221 T-203 Chibber, Shani O-104 Chigusa, Yoshitsugu T-021 Child, Timothy F-252 Chin, Peck Y. O-159 Clevert, Djork-Arne T-050 Clinical Lab, Sera O-072 Clough, Catherine S-212 Cluver, Catherine T-186, S-264 Coates, Sydney L. O-021, S-111, S-114 Coates, Sydney L O-126 Cochran, Richard T-233 Coelho, Sharton V. 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T-005, T-022, T-028 Hern, Braxton T-032 Hernandez, Marcela S-128 Hernandez, Paula T-090 Hernandez Ruano, Simone O-026, S-133 Herraiz, Sonia S-247 Herrera, E. S-089 Herse, Florian T-180 Hesselman, Susanne T-186, S-264 Hesson, Ashley F-210 Hess-Stumpp, Holger F-051 Hewison, Martin T-164 Heymans, Martijn W. O-072 Hickstein, Dennis S-225 Hickton, Bryony T-073 Higashi, Keiko S-227 Higgins, Nicole F-066 Hill, Eleonor O-135 Hill, Hailey C. T-193 Hiraoka, Takehiro F-233 Hirohito, Metoki S-196 Hiroshi, Sameshima T-078 Hiroshi, Shima S-121 Hirota, Yasushi F-233 Hirst, Jonathan S-019 Hiyama, Satoshi T-129, S-129, T-197 Hjartarson, Emma P. F-112, F-114, T-120 Hochberg, Alyssa F-266 Hochman, Rony T-076, T-077 Hoefgen, Holly F-224 Hoek, Jerey T-095, T-208, F-232 Homan, M. Camille T-096, T-110 Hogg, Chloe F-038 Hohl, Raymond T-125 Holdsworth-Carson, Sarah J. T-038, F-039, S-039, T-041, F-228 Holland, Steven S-225 Holloman, Conisha S-182 Holloman, Conisha M. 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F-067 O-089 James-Todd, Tamarra F-258 Jana, Hutter S-176 Jansson, Thomas O-003, O-089, S-093, O-126, O-143, F-149, F-161, S-162, S-164, T-166, S-167 Jason, Wright F-076 Jaworski, Elaine M. T-132 Jayabalan, Nanthini F-086 Jayarajan, Vignesh S-029, F-031 Jayaram, Aswathi T-204 Jeelani, R. T-070, S-207 Jeelani, Roohi F-208, S-209, T-211, S-245, T-264 Jehan, F O-072 Jelie, Laura F-021 Jelinski, Adam O-158 Jenkins, Holly T-023 Jenkins, Holly J. O-051 Jeong, Jae-Wook O-004 Jessop, Flora F-205 Jeyabalan, Arun F-187, T-195 Jeyabalan, Arundhathi S-206, T-207 Jhaveri, Kartik T-065 Jia, Linyan F-201 Jiang, Ying T-048 Jill, Cierney T. T-011 John, Tidy O-135 Johnson, Benjamin T-051 Johnson, Eugenia S-163 Johnson, Joshua F-244, T-245 Johnson, Mark T-012, F-015, F-028 Johnson, Mark R. Johnstone, Edward Johnstone, Erica Johnston, Robert T-175 T-189 O-005 F-245 O-074 T-035 F-025 O-120 S-017 S-004 F-107 S-043 F-029 T-136, S-175 Karumanchi, S. Ananth S-151, S-159 Karuna, Muthuselvan S-084 Kaskar, Khalied T-233 Katsuhiko, Tada F-072 Katsuoka, Fumiki T-197 Katsuragi, Shinji T-074, T-075 Kaur, Harleen S-140 Kaushal, Kanchan S-102 Kaushic, Charu O-082 Kawai, Kenta O-005 Kawakami, Kosuke S-071, S-106 Kay, Nari F-037, T-042 Kayani, Jehanzeb O-134 Kayisli, Umit O-138 Kayisli, Umit A. F-002, F-044, O-103, F-135, T-159, T-191, F-200, F-203, T-205, F-263 Kazuhisa, Maeda F-072 Keane, James M. Kanayama, Naohiro Kang, Byeong-Cheol Kang, Sun Kangasniemi, Marika Kaplan, David Karavani, Gilad Karda, Rajvinder Karjalainen, Minna K. Karsdon, Jerey Karumanchi, Ananth Ken, Yamaguchi F-072 Kendall, Giles O-148 Kendall Rauchfuss, Lauren F-050 Kendal-Wright, Claire E. O-102, F-139, F-190, T-268 Keogh, Lyniece S-088 Kerby, Alan F-145 Kern-Goldberger, Adina S-055, S-059, S-060, O-105, S-131, T-265, S-266 Kessler, Benedikt F-041, F-051 Kessler, Benedikt M. T-037 Kesterson, Joshua F-124, T-125 Keun-Young, Lee S-174 Khalil, Asma S-112, F-134 Khalil, Suzana T-154 Khan, Nadia T-112 Khan, Rana F-071, S-104 Khan, Sana N. F-226 Khan, Zaraq F-050 Khanam, R O-072 Khandelwal, Abha S-074, S-075 Khanjani, Shirin F-140, F-236 Khankin, Eli T-136 Kharrat, Fatma T-155 Khashan, Ali O-096, S-261 Khashan, Ali S. S-097, O-102, F-139, F-190, S-267, T-268, T-269 Khashbah, Maha F-042 Khatun, Masuma O-119 Khorram, Omid O-069 Kieer, Tom F-173 Kieer, Tom E. F-247, F-250, T-251 Kiesel, Ludwig F-040 Kilburn, Brian F-154, T-154 Kim, Boggess F-143 Kim, Heeyon O-047 Kim, Hoon F-245 Kim, Hyemin F-028 Kim, Hyung-Goo S-054 Kim, Jeong Sook O-047 Kim, Jiyoung S-142 Kim, Joung W. T-060, F-061 S-028, F-229, F-236 Kim, Sung Jin O-071 Kim, Tae Hoon O-004 Kim, Tana F-050 Kim, Yi Seul S-025 Kim, Yong Jin F-245 Kim, Yoon Young F-245 Kim, Young Ju F-018, S-092 Kimani, Peter F-255 Kimelman, Dana O-086, S-215 Kimikazu, Hayashi F-072 Kimura, Yoshitaka T-266 Kindinger, Lindsay F-014 Kingdom, John F-146, T-163 Kingdom, John C. S-248 Kirschenman, R O-129 Kirschenman, Raven O-152 Kirshenbaum, Michal S-020 Kisanga, Edwina S-168 Kitaba, Negusse T-086 Kitajewski, Jan S-016, T-025 Kitlen, Gitte T-180 Kiyokawa, Hikaru T-021 Kliman, Harvey J. T-226, S-226 Knepper, Katharine S-135 Knight, Anna S-192 Knoeer, Martin F-159 Kner, Martin O-156, T-254 Knox-Concepcion, Katherine R. O-058 Ko, Nga Ling T-133, T-135, T-136 Kocamanoglu, Meltem F-035 Kodama, Takashi S-071 Kodama, Yuki F-078 Kodaman, N S-214 Kodaman, P S-214 Koebnick, Corinna F-260 Koedooder, Rivka O-025 Koelper, Nathanael B. F-131 Kosuke, Kawakami F-072 Koti, Madhuri T-044 Kourembanas, Stella O-151 Kowash, Hager M. F-163 Koyuturk, Mehmet S-003 Kozakiewicz, Melissa S-127 Kozlova, Daria S-155 Kracht, Laura T-117 Kramer, Anita S-164 Krantz, David A. T-056 Kropf, Pascale T-014, T-015 Kropp Schmidt, J F-230 Ku, Seung-Yup F-245 Kublickas, Marius F-190, S-261 Kublickiene, Karolina F-190, S-261 Kudo, Kei S-121 Kuhn, Katherine S-208 Kuhn, Katherine N. T-209 Kuhrt, Katy F-024 Kukreja, Kamlesh F-073 Kumagai, Yusaku O-008, F-115 Kumar, D S-023, T-064 Kumar, Sailesh F-003, S-007, S-234, T-242 Kumar, Sathish O-022, T-183 Kumar, T. Raj F-242 Kumatani, Satsuki F-069, T-129, S-129, T-197 Kuno, Takashi S-227 Kuo, Yong-Fang S-045 Kurbanov, Bakhodir S-052 Kojima-Kita, Kanako Kokoszynska, Marta Kokotilo, Matthew Kolarova, Teodora Kolchugina, Galena Kolesnikova, Lyubov Kominiarek, Michelle Kondoh, Eiji Kong, Chow S. 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F-042 Lambert, Kristin F-124 Lambert, Lauren T-028 Lamprianidis, Christos O-159 Lancaster, Tara F-156 Landis, Jessica O-083 Laney, Victoria T-016, T-017 Lanfranchi, Chiara S-080 Langlais, Paul F-060 Lanham, Michael F-210 Lanzone, Antonio S-222 Lappas, Martha S-015, F-086, O-089, F-136, O-142 Lara Cruz, Karina S-220 Larasati, Tamara T-232 Larrea, Fernando T-100 Larsen, Kellie F-002, O-103, O-138, F-203, F-263 Laskewitz, Anne F-173, T-251 Lassey, Sarah C. T-189, S-204 Laura, Knapik T-244 Laurent, Clara S-135 Laurent, Louise F-177 Laurent, Louise C. S-135 Laux-Biehlmann, Alexis T-037 Laven, Joop O-025, T-219, F-222, F-232 Laven, Joop S. S-054 Lazareva, Lyudmila F-216 Lazarevic, Dejan O-118 Lazniewska, Joanna T-108 Lechner, Beatrice T-024 Lechuga, Thomas J. T-003 Lee, Han O-140 Lee, Ji Yeon S-010, S-011, F-013, T-013 Lee, Kyoung Jin S-105 Lee, Men-Jean S-066 Lee, Nigel O-114 Lee, Stephanie M. T-009, F-014, O-030, O-034 Lee, Yung Seng S-110 Lee King, Patricia Ann S-183 Lees, C.

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In 2018 symptoms night sweats discount 100ml duphalac overnight delivery, the House China Working Group remained active top medicine buy duphalac 100ml on-line, but the House Congressional China Caucus and the Senate China Working Group were inactive medicine hat college discount duphalac 100ml fast delivery. In 2018 treatment authorization request generic duphalac 100 ml with mastercard, for example treatment quinsy discount duphalac 100 ml online, Congress unanimously passed the Taiwan Travel Act symptoms xanax withdrawal purchase duphalac 100 ml mastercard, which encourages the Trump administration to host more highranking officials from Taiwan, a move that angered Beijing. Some members have objected to the adverse impacts punitive tariffs are having on their constituencies, or they have opposed imposing tariffs on allies at the same time tariffs are imposed on China. Indeed, Congress is generally endorsing the most significant reevaluation of AmericanChina policy since the start of normalization fifty years ago. As such, it can be said that Chinese influence on Capitol Hill has reached a low point. Conclusion and Recommendations Congress is in the midst of a major reevaluation of the very assumptions underlying the decades-old American policy of "engagement" with China. Because of this increasingly competitive, even adversarial, new climate, Chinese influence and information operations are widely coming to be seen as expressions of a political system whose values are antithetical to those of the United States and as a threat to the integrity of Congress and our democracy. Promote Transparency Follow-on congressional oversight will go far toward educating Congress, the media, and the public about these important topics. Promote Reciprocity In coming up with remedial steps, Congress must consider the broader bilateral relationship. After a long debate, the new sister-city agreement was signed in the fall of 2018. The story of this sister-city agreement illustrates the challenges and opportunities that "subnational entities" (local governments, cities, and states) face in the United States when dealing with a China intent on maximizing its influence in America and across the globe. With its long-standing Maoist slogan "We Have Friends All Over the World," the association had its heyday in the 1950s, when China was isolated and the group became a bridge between China and overseas supporters. It was marginalized in the 1980s, as China opened to the West and established diplomatic relations with hundreds of countries. However, under the administration of Communist Party leader Xi Jinping, the association has been revitalized as China seeks to groom local business, political, and media leaders in countries around the world. Its new standing is exemplified by the splendor of its headquarters located in the elegant old Italian embassy compound near Tiananmen Square. State and Local Governments 31 the way the association and other Chinese organizations cultivate relationships with local officials follows a general pattern. Second, it is important to understand why China seeks a relationship with localities, especially during times of tension with the federal government: China seeks to build alternative networks of interaction and support, while using these new relationships to help gain new traction back in Washington. For China, all exchanges have a political character and hopefully a political harvest. The business model of such companies is, of necessity, as much political as financial. Even if they conduct highquality programs, they should not be viewed as disinterested actors. They, too, are subject to rules made by the Chinese Communist Party, its united front bureaucracy, and united front strategic imperatives. Such awareness is even more vital for Chinese Americans who seek political office and whose abilities to navigate these shoals will depend on their knowledge of this complex system of interaction. Beginning in the early 1970s, China and the United States built trust and common prosperity through cooperation at the local level. Twenty-seven states now maintain trade offices in China-more than in any other nation. American mayors, county executives, and governors-many of whom travel to China often and host an unending stream of Chinese visitors-have leveraged the work of these groups to enrich local coffers and local culture. The trip was eventually revealed as a boondoggle funded by a developer, Amy Xue Foster, who hoped to build a $300 million "Chinatown" in the area. China Exchanges and Chinese Leverage Engagement with China for over forty years has created for American cities and states, as it has for American corporations and universities, deep interests and traditions with regard to China. United States has pulled out of the Paris Agreement, the seventeen governors who have joined the United States Climate Alliance,15 for example, continue to work with Beijing, which many would agree is a very salutary thing. Garcetti stated that Los Angeles and China "have closely integrated economies, closely integrated cultures and closely integrated geography. We hope to be the leading Chinese city in America for investment, tourism and students. Conclusion and Recommendations the following practices can foster the kind of constructive vigilance that local governments will need to exercise in their continued cooperation with China. No exceptions to American laws or best practices should be made to placate allegedly "Chinese" customs. And in no way should China be allowed to have a veto over potential exchanges with other countries, entities, or individuals such as Taiwan or the Dalai Lama. Best practices for cooperating with China in ways that do not undermine national interests should be a regular topic at annual meetings. American China policy is evolving rapidly and cannot be incorporated into local practice without expert counsel and advice. The 2018 sell-off of Chinese-owned properties in the United States was instructive in this regard. In effect, to successfully play in the China arena, subnationals need to develop their own sources of expertise. They should also check lists of funders and organ izations against lists of known united front agencies and registered foreign agents. At the same time, however, Beijing views Chinese Americans as members of a worldwide Chinese diaspora that, whatever the actual citizenship of individuals may be, presumes them to retain not only an interest in the welfare of China but also a loosely defined cultural, and even political, allegiance to the so-called Motherland. Diaspora communities worldwide have been key sources of legitimacy and support for whatever government held power in Beijing, but just as often they have been centers of antigovernment agitation. Such trends demand not only greater societal attention and this is an uncorrected proof. As the Chinese Communist Party seeks to encourage, even entice, ethnic-Chinese communities and individuals overseas to more fully support its interests, Chinese Americans in the United States and ethnic Chinese in other free societies need to better inform themselves as to the nature of this dynamic, and our governmental institutions may need to do more to defend their freedoms against harmfully intrusive and coercive activities. At the same time, it is essential that we not allow overseas Chinese as an ethnic group to fall under any kind indiscriminate cloud of suspicion. Above all, it is important to bear in mind that while ethnic Chinese can be quite naturally expected to take an interest in things Chinese, it is the Chinese Communist Party that puts a target on their backs through its presumption that they are all somehow the "sons and daughters of the Yellow Emperor" and thus owe some measure of loyalty to the Chinese Communist Party. These Chinese Americans were also personally helping them establish various programs to bring thousands of talented Chinese students to American institutions of learning. Recognizing the achievements, influence, and growth of the Chinese diaspora, Beijing undertook a systematic program designed to target and exploit overseas Chinese communities as a means of furthering its own political, economic, and security interests. The Beijing government used specialized bureaucracies to manage what it called "united front" activities abroad. Almost all of these agencies have established nongovernmental fronts overseas, including the China Council for the Promotion of Peaceful National Reunification, the China Overseas Exchange Association, and the China Overseas Friendship Association. Following the violent crackdown on the prodemocracy movement in Beijing on June 4, 1989, the Chinese Communist Party redoubled its efforts to reach out to overseas Chinese. Many members of these communities had supported the student democracy movement, providing funds and safe havens for fleeing dissidents. Deng insisted that by drawing on their help, China could break out of international isolation and improve its international political standing. Gaining influence over overseas Chinese groups in order to "turn them into propaganda bases for China" became an important task of overseas Chinese united front work. Party officials run the China Overseas Friendship Association and the China Council to Promote Peaceful Reunification. A second goal is to isolate competing forces that the party perceives to be adversarial, or even hostile. Chinese authorities threaten to detain Uighur relatives who remain in China if they do not provide personal information about their relatives living abroad to the Chinese police. This campaign has particularly targeted Uighurs living in Germany but is now reaching Uighurs in the United States as well. Chinese security officials have even been known to travel to America on tourist visas to exert pressure on Chinese dissidents living here. The Chinese American Community 43 and support overseas Chinese media and Chinese language schools; [and] to increase cooperation and exchanges between overseas Chinese and China related to the economy, science, culture and education. In January 2018, Politburo member and former state counselor and foreign minister Yang Jiechi made this presumption even clearer when he called upon the government to expand and strengthen "Overseas Chinese Patriotic Friendly Forces" in the ser vice of the "Great Rejuvenation" of the Chinese nation. In addition to appealing to the cultural affinities of Chinese Americans, the Chinese government has also implemented a wide range of programs to strengthen ties with elite members of this community. China has appointed hundreds of Chinese Americans to positions in its united front organizations and provided thousands with free trips to China, during which they have been feted by senior united front officials. In some cases, Chinese Americans are offered senior positions in united front organizations. Chinese Americans appointed to such positions in organizations established by the Communist Party have led protests against Taiwan and Tibet and participated in campaigns to silence Chinese dissidents, such as the exiled billionaire Guo Wengui. On a video posted to YouTube, this individual is seen railing against Guo, vowing that he will "not rest" until Guo is returned to China to answer charges against him. One example occurred after the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party in October 2017. The state-owned Fujian Daily reported on November 24, 2017, that representatives of local Chinese community associations based in the United States, Australia, the Philippines, and Europe had gathered in Fujian and received letters of appointment from local provincial and city united front agencies in China to serve officially as "overseas propaganda agents" on their return to their home countries. The article noted that this practice of offering party commissions to overseas Chinese to work on united front tasks in their home countries was not new. The president of the United Fujianese American Association told reporters: "I have received quite a few letters of appointment on previous occasions, but none for which I have felt such deep significance as the one today. The Chinese American Community 45 that the Republic of China on Taiwan is an illegitimate government. In America, these organ izations are generally registered as domestic nonprofit community organ izations, even though their leadership in Beijing includes senior members of the Chinese Communist Party. For example, one successful California businesswoman was for years the honorary chairwoman of the council in Northern California. The Chinese government picked them in recognition of their prominence and efforts in advocating positions friendly to Beijing. To engender a sense of close support, state-owned Chinese media outlets routinely report about contacts made between prominent Chinese Americans and senior Chinese officials. At the same time, it is also important that all American citizens be aware that feelings of pride can sometimes be exploited by an authoritarian regime to advance its goals and interests. Here it is not Chinese Americans who are at fault for having an attachment to their "Motherland" but the Chinese Communist Party for cynically attempting to use Chinese Americans to further its own interests, in the process making overseas Chinese communities vulnerable to distrust. The Chinese American Community 49 enemies in the United States, the best antidote to such intrusion is for federal and local governments to do more to strengthen ties to Chinese American communities and to give greater visibility into the various inducements and pressures Beijing exerts on these communities. This is particularly impor tant, as such demonization can lead to the unwarranted targeting of Chinese Americans or long-term Chinese residents of the United States for alleged crimes involving illegal cooperation with China. Over the past decade, there has been a significant number of examples of prosecutorial overreach, such as the case against the hydrologist Sherry Chen, who was exonerated in 2015 of all espionage charges. China has tried to sell these "honors" to the Chinese American community as a cost-free way of expressing their sincere feelings of pride in China. However, the reality is that once a person accepts such "honors," along with free travel to China and other emoluments, the Chinese Communist Party will always seek to exact a further price. The engineering, medical, and hard sciences have benefited particularly, but so have the humanities and social sciences. Professional collaboration among faculty-mainly in the sciences and medicine-has also flourished. Many more American universities have forged collaborative exchange programs with Chinese counterparts. American scholars trying to conduct research in China have run into an increasing number of restrictions and impediments since 2010, due to a broad campaign against "foreign hostile forces" and an increasingly draconian political atmosphere that has cast a shadow across Chinese society, especially over higher education. Whole subject areas and regions of the country are now off-limits to American and other foreign scholars for fieldwork; previously normal interactions with Chinese scholars are now often heavily circumscribed; many Chinese scholars have become reluctant to meet with American counter parts; a growing number of libraries are off-limits; central- and provincial-level archives have been closed; municipal archives are increasingly restricted; interviews with government officials (at all levels) are more difficult to arrange; public opinion surveys must be carried out with Chinese partners, if they can be conducted at all; simple eyewitness social research in rural and, even some urban areas, is considerably more limited than previously. In short, normal scholarly research practices permitted elsewhere in the world are regularly proscribed in China. These restrictions also include the inability to hold open and uncensored public scholarly discussions, conferences, and other kinds of events. Meanwhile, Chinese students and scholars enjoy unimpeded access to all of these activities in the United States, resulting in a severe asymmetry in Sino-American scholarly exchange.

Dietary fat patterns of some Canadian preschool children in relation to indices of growth symptoms narcissistic personality disorder duphalac 100ml lowest price, iron symptoms lyme disease purchase duphalac 100 ml free shipping, zinc treatment broken toe buy duphalac 100ml lowest price, and dietary status medicine bottle purchase duphalac 100 ml with amex. Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipids fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants symptoms in early pregnancy cheap duphalac 100 ml with amex. Effect of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of preterm infants on disease risk and neurodevelopment: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials medicine 122 generic 100ml duphalac with visa. Role of linoleic acid in infant nutrition: clinical and chemical study of 428 infants fed on milk mixtures varying in kind and amount of fat. The slow discovery of the importance of n-3 essential fatty acids in human health. Increased levels of mercury associated with high fish intakes among children from Vancouver, Canada. Effects of maternal docosahexaenoic acid intake on visual function and neurodevelopment in breastfed term infants. Embryotoxic effects of phthalic acid derivatives, phosphates and aromatic oils used in the manufacturing of rubber on three day chicken embryos. Prospective randomised trial in 1062 infants of diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol. The essentiality of long chain n-3 fatty acids in relation to development and function of the brain and retina. Infants with intrauterine growth restriction have impaired formation of docosahexaenoic acid in early neonatal life: a stable isotope study. Altered anti-oxidant status and increased lipid peroxidation in marasmic children. Chapter 6: Fat and fatty acid requirements & recommendations for infants of 0-2 years & children of 2-18 years 75 Meyer, B. Dietary intakes and food sources of omega-6 and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Essential fatty acid deficiency in infants induced by fat-free intravenous feeding. Effect of dietary fat on absorption of beta-carotene from green leafy vegetables in children. Arachidonic and docoahexaenoic acids are biosynthesized from their 18-carbon precursors in human infants. Is there a relationship between dietary fat and stature or growth in children three to five years of age Energy requirements and dietary energy recommendations for children and adolescents 1 to 18 years old. Effect of dietary omega-3 fatty acids on retinal function of very-low-birth-weight neonates. Essential fatty acids as determinants of lipid requirements in infants, children and adults. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid formation in neonates: effect of gestational age and intrauterine growth. Prevention and control of obesity in preschool children: importance of normative standards. A review of the Canadian "Nutrition recommendations update: dietary fat and children". In this regard pregnancy and lactation impose special nutritional needs on the mother-foetus/ infant. The major functional outcomes that have been studied in the infant are visual and cognitive maturity, immune function and growth. For the mother, glucose tolerance, pre-eclampsia, and psychiatric health have been considered, and for the motheroffspring pair, maintenance of normal pregnancy to term has been of most interest with respect to fat and fatty acid intake. Overwhelmingly, studies show either a neutral or positive effect on health outcome, with negative effects rare. An effect was detected in low and moderate fish eaters and no effect was detected in high fish eaters Olsen et al. An independent meta-analysis of the same set of studies arrived at similar conclusions (Lin and Su, 2007). The dose-response curve indicates that most of the benefit to the child is obtained at about 300 mg/d (0. Women seeking to follow this guideline and allow an increment for additional energy demands of reproduction may consider an average increment of 300 kcal/d (1256 kJ/d) in pregnancy, and 500 kcal/d (2093 kJ/ day) in lactation. Total energy requirements in pregnancy and lactation are then 2300 kcal/d (9630 kJ/d) and 2500 kcal/d (10467 kJ/day), respectively, which correspond to increments of 115% and 125% above the non-pregnant, non-lactating levels. They have been associated with several negative outcomes related to conception, foetal loss, and growth (Albuquerque et al. The vulnerability of the mother-foetus/infant pair suggests that industrially-derived trans fatty acids should be as low as practical for pregnant and lactating women. There is no evidence that the requirement for total fat, as a percentage of energy, is different in pregnancy or lactation. Depressive symptoms (ns) Strong responders to placebo ineligible for randomization to treatment Su (Su et al. Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition: Report of an expert consultation b N varied based on outcome. Intake of trans fatty acid-rich hydrogenated fat during pregnancy and lactation inhibits the hypophagic effect of central insulin in the adult offspring. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid concentrations in human breast milk worldwide. The effects of 3g eicosapentaenoic acid daily on recurrence of intrauterine growth retardation and pregnancy induced hypertension. Effects of a combination of evening primrose oil (gamma linolenic acid) and fish oil (eicosapentaenoic + docahexaenoic acid) versus magnesium, and versus placebo in preventing pre-eclampsia. The effects of fish oil supplementation in pregnancy on breast milk fatty acid composition over the course of lactation: A randomized controlled trial. Fish oil supplementation in pregnancy modifies neonatal allergen-specific immune responses and clinical outcomes in infants at high risk of atopy: a randomized controlled trial. Maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy reduces interleukin-13 levels in cord blood of infants at high risk of atopy. Cognitive assessment of children at age 2(1/2) years after maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy: a randomised controlled trial. Omega3 fatty acids: evidence basis for treatment and future research in psychiatry. Omega-3 fatty acids and supportive psychotherapy for perinatal depression: A randomized placebo-controlled study. Requirements of dietary fats to meet nutritional needs & prevent the risk of atherosclerosis-an Indian perspective. Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants. Similar effects on infants of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids supplementation to pregnant and lactating women. Effect of supplementation of women in high-risk pregnancies with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on pregnancy outcomes and growth measures at birth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Essential n-3 fatty acids in pregnant women and early visual acuity maturation in term infants. A docosahexaenoic acid-functional food during pregnancy benefits infant visual acuity at four but not six months of age. Maternal consumption of a docosahexaenoic acid-containing functional food during pregnancy: benefit for infant performance on problem-solving but not on recognition memory tasks at age 9 mo. Cis- and trans-isomeric fatty acids in plasma lipids of newborn infants and their mothers. Maternal fish oil supplementation during lactation does not affect blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, or heart rate variability in 2. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation: effect on visual acuity and n-3 fatty acid content of infant erythrocytes. Maternal fish oil supplementation in lactation: effect on developmental outcome in breast-fed infants. Fish oil supplementation of lactating mothers affects cytokine production in 2 1/2-year-old children. A meta-analytic review of double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of antidepressant efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids. Marine oil, and other prostaglandin precursor, supplementation for pregnancy uncomplicated by pre-eclampsia or intrauterine growth restriction. Scotopic electroretinogram in term infants born of mothers supplemented with docosahexaenoic acid during pregnancy. Maternal docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during pregnancy and visual evoked potential development in term infants: a double blind, prospective, randomised trial. Attempts at dietary alteration of prostaglandin pathways in the management of pre-eclampsia. Fish oil intake compared with olive oil intake in late pregnancy and asthma in the offspring: 16 y of registry-based follow-up from a randomized controlled trial. Duration of pregnancy in relation to fish oil supplementation and habitual fish intake: a randomised clinical trial with fish oil. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fish-oil supplementation on pregnancy duration. A randomised double blind placebo controlled trial of fish oil in high risk pregnancy. Maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy modifies neonatal leukotriene production by cord-bloodderived neutrophils. Omega-3 fatty acids as a treatment for perinatal depression: randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. The influence of a vegetarian diet on the fatty acid composition of human milk and the essential fatty acid status of the infant. A randomized trial of docosahexaenoic acid supplementation during the third trimester of pregnancy. Omega-3 fatty acids for major depressive disorder during pregnancy: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Effect of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation of women with low-risk pregnancies on pregnancy outcomes and growth measures at birth: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Supplementation of fish-oil and soy-oil during pregnancy and psychomotor development of infants. Its action is based on a complex series of steps (termed the immune response), which a) prevent entry of infectious organisms, b) identify infectious organisms if they do invade, c) eliminate invading infectious organisms, d) retain memory of the encounters. The immune system also ensures that the host is tolerant to its own macromolecules, cells and tissues and to benign environmental substances such as foods. It consists of cells that originate in the bone marrow and which are dispersed throughout the body, including in discrete lymphoid organs such as the thymus, spleen, lymph nodes and mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues. Cells of the immune system circulate in the bloodstream and in the lymph; those found in the bloodstream are collectively termed leukocytes or white blood cells. Each different cell type has a specific function, which contributes to the overall integrated response. Innate immunity this provides general protection based on the "non-specific" recognition of, and response to , pathogens by immune cells and constitutes the first line of defence. Recognition is not based on specific antigens, but on general structural features of the pathogens. Innate immunity has no memory and so is not influenced by prior exposure to a particular organism. Cells of the innate immune system include phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes), natural killer cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and basophils. These cells destroy pathogens by different processes, including phagocytosis and production of toxins. This acts to create a hostile environment for pathogens and to aid movement of leukocytes to sites of infection. For example, chemical mediators produced as part of the inflammatory response induce fever, increase local blood flow, and enhance vascular permeability to allow leukocytes and plasma proteins to move from the bloodstream to extravascular compartments. These actions account for the typical signs of inflammation: redness, swelling, heat and pain. Acquired (or adaptive) immunity this type of immunity develops throughout life, and is highly specific. Specificity is induced because of the unique recognition of structures termed antigens on pathogens by antigen-specific host immune cells. Acquired immunity allows for a strong and 92 Fats and fatty acids in human nutrition: Report of an expert consultation specific immune response and for immunological memory. The cells involved include antigen presenting cells (many cell types can present an antigen, but only some of them like dendritic cells are "professional" antigen presenting cells), T lymphocytes (peptide mediators termed cytokines produced by these cells regulate the activity of other immune cells; reactions involving T lymphocytes, or "T cells", are considered to constitute cell-mediated immunity) and B lymphocytes (these are the cells that produce antibodies; reactions involving B lymphocytes, or "B cells", are considered to constitute humoral immunity). There are several subsets of T lymphocytes, including helper T cells, central to acquired immune responses, cytotoxic T cells that kill virally infected cells, and two more recently discovered types of regulatory T cells. T cells are also involved in inflammatory processes since they enhance the activity of inflammatory cells such as monocytes and macrophages. Loss of tolerance can occur and appears to be due to loss of regulatory mechanisms. Loss of tolerance can result in autoimmune diseases, allergic reactions and conditions, or inflammatory bowel diseases. Despite the different stimuli and the different locations of the pathology, all conditions involving loss of tolerance have common elements, including the cells, mediators and signalling systems involved, and they are commonly referred to as "inflammatory conditions".