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Kenneth Drasner MD
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Cancer mortality (19561985) among male employees of Atomic Energy of Canada Limited with respect to occupational exposure to external low-linear-energytransfer ionizing radiation medicine 93 order cefuroxime 500 mg mastercard. Frequencies of complex chromosome exchange aberrations induced by 238Pu alpha-particles and detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization using single chromosome-specific probes symptoms 3 days after embryo transfer buy 500 mg cefuroxime with mastercard. Absence of delayed chromosomal instability in a normal human fibroblast cell line after 125I iododeoxyuridine symptoms kidney pain order 500 mg cefuroxime amex. Evidence for linear response for the induction of mutations in human cells by x-ray exposures below 10 rads symptoms bone cancer buy 250mg cefuroxime fast delivery. Clonal analysis of delayed karyotypic abnormalities and gene mutations in radiation-induced genetic instability. Radiation dose as a risk factor for malignant melanoma following childhood cancer. The incidence of childhood leukaemia around the La Hague nuclear waste reprocessing plant (France): a survey for the years 1978-1998. Cancer occurrence among radiation workers at Jaslovske Bohunice nuclear power plant. The Semipalatinsk nuclear test site: a first assessment of the radiological situation and the test-related radiation doses in the surrounding territories. Mortality and cancer incidence experience of employees in a nuclear fuels fabrication plant. Rhabdomyosarcomas and radiation hypersensitivity in a mouse model of Gorlin syndrome. Lack of adaptive response to low doses of ionizing radiation in human lymphocytes from five different donors. Loss of heterozygosity in spontaneous and x-ray-induced intestinal tumors arising in F1 hybrid min mice: evidence for sequential loss of apc(+) and dpc4 in tumor development. Comparing different methods of estimating cosmic radiation exposure of airline personnel. Repair of cell killing and neoplastic transformation at reduced dose rates of 60Co gamma-rays. Defects in a cell cycle checkpoint may be responsible for the genomic instability of cancer cells. Epipodophyllotoxins, alkylating agents, and radiation and risk of secondary leukaemia after childhood cancer. Analysis of a historical cohort of Chinese tin miners with arsenic, radon, cigarette smoke, and pipe smoke exposures using the biologically based two-stage clonal expansion model. The two-stage clonal expansion model as an example of a biologically based model of radiationinduced cancer. Exact solutions of the clonal expansion model and their application to the incidence of solid tumors of the atomic bomb survivors. Two-step model for the risk of fatal and incidental lung tumors in rats exposed to radon. Age and time patterns in thyroid cancer after the Chernobyl accidents in the Ukraine. Multistage models and the incidence of cancer in the cohort of atomic bomb survivors. Mechanistic modelling in large case-control studies of lung cancer risk from smoking. Interaction of hyperthermia and radiation on the survival of synchronous 9L cells. Alpha-particle-induced p53 protein expression in a rat lung epithelial cell strain. Risk of extrathyroid tumors following radiation treatment in infancy for thymic enlargement. Fission-spectrum neutrons at reduced dose rates enhance neoplastic transformation. Fission-spectrum neutrons at a low dose rate enhance neoplastic transformation in the linear, low dose region (0-10 cGy). Spontaneous and radiation-induced renal tumors in the Eker rat model of dominantly inherited cancer. Reaction kinetics for the development of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations. Chromosome damage induced by plasma of x-rayed patients: an indirect effect of x ray. Incidence of malignant thyroid tumors in humans after exposure to diagnostic doses of iodine131. Thyroid cancer after diagnostic doses of iodine-131: a retrospective cohort study. Chromosomal instability in human lymphocytes after low dose rate gamma-irradiation and delayed mitogen stimulation. Interval effect of beta-irradiation and subsequent 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide painting on skin tumor induction in mice. Post-operative radiotherapy in breast cancer: long-term results from the Oslo study. Lung cancer mortality between 1950 and 1987 after exposure to fractionated moderate-dose-rate ionizing radiation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study and a comparison with lung cancer mortality in the atomic bomb survivors study. Breast cancer mortality between 1950 and 1987 after exposure to fractionated moderate-dose-rate ionizing radiation in the Canadian fluoroscopy cohort study and a comparison with breast cancer mortality in the atomic bomb survivors study. Components and modifiers of the healthy worker effect: evidence from three occupational cohorts and implications for industrial compensation. Breast cancer after multiple chest fluoroscopies: second follow-up of Massachusetts women with tuberculosis. Direct estimates of cancer mortality due to low doses of ionising radiation: an international study. Combined Analyses of Cancer Mortality Among Nuclear Industry Workers in Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Incidence of leukemia in atomic bomb survivors belonging to a fixed cohort in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 1950-71. Further assessment of the effects of occupational radiation exposure in the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority mortality study. Leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma after pelvic radiotherapy for benign disease. Participation of intracellular communication and intracellular signal transduction in radio-adaptive response of human fibroblastic cells. Oncoepidemiologic situation in the Kaluga region of the Russian Federation ten years after the Chernobyl accident. Cancer risks in the Kaluga Oblast of the Russian Federation 10 years after the Chernobyl accident. Cancer incidence among liquidators of the Chernobyl accident: solid tumors, 1986-1995. Thyroid cancer incidence among adolescents and adults in the Bryansk region of Russia following the Chernobyl accident. Solid cancer incidence among the Chernobyl emergency workers residing in Russia: estimation of radiation risks. Factors underlying the cell growth-related bystander responses to alpha particles. Childhood exposure due to the Chernobyl accident and thyroid cancer risk in contaminated areas of Belarus and Russia. Thyroid cancer risk in Belarus after the Chernobyl accident: comparison with external exposures. Ionizing radiation as an initiator in the mouse two-stage model of skin tumor formation. Hypersensitivity to very-low single radiation doses: its relationship to the adaptive response and induced radioresistance. Three somatic genetic biomarkers and covariates in radiation-exposed Russian cleanup workers of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor 6-13 years after exposure. X-ray induction of 8azaguanine-resistant mutants in synchronous Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Diseases
The molybdenum content of plant-based foods depends on the content of the soil in which the foods were grown treatment trichomonas cheap 500 mg cefuroxime with mastercard. A rare and usually fatal metabolic defect called molybdenum cofactor deficiency results from the deficiency of molybdoenzymes treatment pneumonia cheap 500mg cefuroxime fast delivery. There are limited toxicity data for molybdenum in humans; most of the data apply to animals treatment xerosis proven 500 mg cefuroxime. Phosphorus helps maintain a normal pH in the body and is involved in metabolic processes treatment west nile virus cheap cefuroxime 250 mg with amex. The adult requirements for phosphorus are based on studies of serum inorganic phosphate concentration in adults. Its main functions are to maintain a normal pH (by buffering excesses of acid or alkali), temporarily store and transfer energy derived from metabolic fuels, and activate catalytic proteins via phosphorylation. Structurally, phosphorus occurs in the body as phospholipids (a major component of biological membranes) and as nucleotides and nucleic acids. Absorption, Metabolism, Storage, and Excretion Phosphorus found in foods is a mixture of organic and inorganic forms, and most phosphorus absorption occurs as inorganic phosphate. The majority of phosphorus absorption occurs through passive concentration-dependent processes. By the same token, when serum phosphorus is abnormally high, even dangerously so, phosphorus continues to be absorbed from the diet at a rate only slightly lower than normal. Phosphorus absorption is reduced by aluminum-containing antacids and pharmacological doses of calcium carbonate. However, when consumed at intakes in the typical adult range, calcium does not significantly interfere with phosphorus absorption. In adults, 85 percent of phosphorus is found in bone, with the remaining 15 percent distributed through the soft tissues. In healthy adults, the amount of phosphorus excreted in the urine is essentially equal to the amount absorbed through diet, less small amounts lost in the shedding of skin cells and intestinal mucosa. This is because this age range brackets a period of intense growth, with growth rate, absorption efficiency, and normal values of inorganic phosphorus in the extracellular fluid changing during this time. Dietary intake of phosphorus appears to be affected more by total food intake and less by differences in food composition. People with a high intake of dairy products will have diets with higher phosphorus density values because the phosphorus density of cow milk is higher than for most other foods. People who consume several servings per day of colas or a few other soft drinks that contain phosphoric acid also tend to have high phosphorus intake. A 12ounce serving of such beverages contains about 50 mg, which is only 5 percent of the typical intake by an adult woman. However, when consumed in a quantity of 5 or more servings per day, such beverages may contribute substantially to total phosphate intake. Dietary Supplements Phosphorus supplements are not widely used in the United States. Absorption of this form requires the presence of phytase, an enzyme found in some foods and in some colonic bacteria. Because yeasts can hydrolyze phytate, whole grains that are incorporated into leavened bread products have higher phosphorus bioavailability than do grains used in unleavened bread or breakfast cereals. Also, unabsorbed calcium in the digestive tract combines with phytic acid and interferes with its digestion and absorption. However, the higher amounts of phosphorus contained in cow milk and soy formulas offset this decreased bioavailability. Dietary Interactions There is evidence that phosphorus may interact with certain nutrients and dietary substances (see Table 2). This is because phosphorus is so ubiquitous in the diet that near total starvation is required to produce dietary phosphorus deficiency. However, if inadequate phosphorus intake does occur, such as in individuals recovering from alcoholic bouts, from diabetic ketoacidosis, and from refeeding with calorie-rich sources without paying attention to phosphorus needs, it is realized as hypophosphatemia. Aluminum When taken in large doses, antacids that contain aluminum may interfere with phosphorus absorption. Treating malnutrition: the refeeding of energy-depleted individuals, either orally or parenterally, must supply adequate inorganic phosphate. Dietary phosphorus supports tissue growth and replaces phosphorus stores that are lost through excretion and the shedding of skin cells. The adult requirements for phosphorus are based on studies of serum inorganic phosphate concentration. Nearly all foods contain phosphorus; dairy products are a particularly rich source. Phosphorus deficiency is generally not a problem; the average adult diet contains about 62 mg phosphorus per 100 kcal. Excess phosphorus intake from any source can result in hyperphosphatemia, the adverse effects of which are due to an elevated concentration of inorganic phosphate in the extracellular fluid. Hyperphosphatemia from dietary causes becomes a problem mainly in individuals with end-stage renal disease or in such conditions as vitamin D intoxication. There is concern about the population-level increase in phosphorus intake through colas and a few other soft drinks that contain phosphoric acid and processed foods containing phosphates. High intakes of polyphosphates found in additives may interfere with the absorption of iron, copper, and zinc. The ratio of extracellular to intracellular potassium affects nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and vascular tone. Fruits and vegetables, particularly leafy greens, vine fruit, and root vegetables, are good food sources of potassium. Although uncommon in the general population, the main effect of severe potassium deficiency is hypokalemia. Hypokalemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, and glucose intolerance. Moderate potassium deficiency, which typically occurs without hypokalemia, is characterized by elevated blood pressure, increased salt sensitivity, an increased risk of kidney stones, and increased bone turnover. An inadequate intake of potassium may also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly stroke. There is no evidence that a high intake of potassium from foods has adverse effects in healthy people. Although the mineral is found in both the intracellular and the extracellular fluids, it is more concentrated in the intracellular fluid (about 145 mmol/L). This, in turn, affects neural transmission, muscle contraction, and vascular tone. Absorption, Metabolism, Storage, and Excretion In unprocessed foods, potassium occurs mainly in association with bicarbonategenerating precursors like citrate and, to a lesser extent, phosphate. When potassium is added to foods during processing or to supplements, it is in the form of potassium chloride. Healthy people absorb about 85 percent of the dietary potassium that they consume. Because insulin stimulates this pump, changes in the plasma insulin concentration can affect extracellular potassium concentration and thus plasma concentration of potassium. This is because, in a steady state, the correlation between dietary potassium intake and urinary potassium content is high. The rest is excreted mainly in the feces, and much smaller amounts are lost through sweat. Bicarbonate acts as a buffer, neutralizing diet-derived acids such as sulfuric acid generated from sulfur-containing amino acids found in meats and other high-protein foods. When the intake of bicarbonate precursors is inadequate, buffers in the bone matrix neutralize excess diet-derived acids. The resulting adverse consequences are increased bone turnover and calcium-containing kidney stones.
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Dietary sources of conjugated dienoic isomers of linoleic acid medicine questions buy cefuroxime 250 mg lowest price, a newly recognized class of anticarcinogens the treatment 2014 buy cefuroxime 250 mg free shipping. Conjugated linoleic acid (9 symptoms quitting tobacco generic cefuroxime 250mg overnight delivery,11- and 10 medicine 93 buy 250 mg cefuroxime otc,12-octadecadienoic acid) is produced in conventional but not germ-free rats fed linoleic acid. Effect on lipoprotein profile of replacing butter with margarine in a low fat diet: Randomised crossover study with hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Cloning, expression, and nutritional requirements of the mammalian 6-6 desaturase. Determination of the optimal ratio of linoleic acid to -linolenic acid in infant formulas. Increased incidence of epistaxis in adolescents with familial hypercholesterolemia treated with fish oil. Dietary lipids and blood cholesterol: Quantitative meta-analysis of metabolic ward studies. Pathway of -linolenic acid through the mitochondrial outer membrane in the rat liver and influence on the rate of oxidation. Increased docosahexaenoic acid levels in human newborn infants by administration of sardines and fish oil during pregnancy. Supplementation with an algae source of docosahexaenoic acid increases (n-3) fatty acid status and alters selected risk factors for heart disease in vegetarian subjects. The influence of trans-acids on desaturation and elongation of fatty acids in developing brain. Differences in energy expenditure and substrate oxidation between habitual high fat and low fat consumers (phenotypes). Effect of dietary fish oil supplementation on fever and cytokine production in human volunteers. Clarifying the direct relation between total cholesterol levels and death from coronary heart disease in older persons. Isomeric fatty acids: Evaluating status and implications for maternal and child health. Impact of hydrogenated fat consumption on endogenous cholesterol synthesis and susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein to oxidation in moderately hypercholesterolemic individuals. De Caterina R, Giannessi D, Mazzone A, Berini W, Lazzerini G, Maffei S, Cerri M, Salvatore L, Weksler B. Vascular prostacyclin is increased in patients ingesting t-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids before coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Docosahexaenoic and arachidonic acid prevent a decrease in dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitters in frontal cortex caused by a linoleic and -linolenic acid deficient diet in formula-fed piglets. Infant plasma trans, n-6, and n-3 fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acids are related to maternal plasma fatty acids, length of gestation, and birth weight and length. Bakery foods are the major dietary source of trans-fatty acids among pregnant women with diets providing 30 percent energy from fat. Nutrition and biochemistry of trans and positional fatty acid isomers in hydrogenated oils. Metabolism of dietary stearic acid relative to other fatty acids in human subjects. Dietary linoleic acid influences desaturation and acylation of deuterium-labeled linoleic and linolenic acids in young adult males. Effect of dietary arachidonic acid on metabolism of deuterated linoleic acid by adult male subjects. Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on desaturation and uptake in vivo of isotope-labeled oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids by male subjects. The effect of dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the synthesis of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor by mononuclear cells. Dietary supplementation with n-3 fatty acids suppresses interleukin-2 production and mononuclear cell proliferation. An assessment of c 9,t11 linoleic acid intake in a small group of young Canadians. Long-term effects of dietary -linolenic acid from perilla oil on serum fatty acids composition and on the risk factors of coronary heart disease in Japanese elderly subjects. Effect of diet on the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipids of infant cerebral cortex. Effect of ionophores on conjugated linoleic acid in ruminal cultures and in the milk of dairy cows. Breast milk composition: Fat content and fatty acid composition in vegetarians and non-vegetarians. Dietary fish oil reduces survival and impairs bacterial clearance in C3H/Hen mice challenged with Listeria monocytogenes. Gallai V, Sarchielli P, Trequattrini A, Franceschini M, Floridi A, Firenze C, Alberti A, Di Benedetto D, Stragliotto E. Relationship between diet composition and body fatness, with adjustment for resting energy expenditure and physical activity, in preadolescent children. Blood fatty acid composition of pregnant and nonpregnant Korean women: Red cells may act as a reservoir of arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid for utilization by the developing fetus. Effect of increasing breast milk docosahexaenoic acid on plasma and erythrocyte phospholipid fatty acids and neural indices of exclusively breast fed infants. Adverse metabolic effect of omega-3 fatty acids in non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Factors predictive of long-term coronary heart disease mortality among 10,059 male Israeli civil servants and municipal employees. Essential fatty acid deficiency in total parenteral nutrition: Time course of development and suggestions for therapy. The effects of dietary t3 fatty acids on platelet composition and function in man: A prospective, controlled study. Brain docosahexaenoate accretion in fetal baboons: Bioequivalence of dietary -linolenic and docosahexaenoic acids. Biosynthesis of conjugated linoleic acid and its incorporation into meat and milk ruminants. Conjugated linoleic acid is synthesized endogenously in lactating cows by 69-desaturase. Newly recognized anticarcinogenic fatty acids: Identification and quantification in natural and processed cheeses. The predictability of risk factors with respect to incidence and mortality of myocardial infarction and total mortality. Effects of partially hydrogenated fish oil, partially hydrogenated soybean oil and butter on the susceptibility of low density lipoprotein to oxidative modification in men. Clinical and chemical study of 428 infants fed on milk mixtures varying in kind and amount of fat. Essential function of linoleic acid esterified in acylglucosylceramide and acylceramide in maintaining the epidermal water permeability barrier. Evidence from feeding studies with oleate, linoleate, arachidonate, columbinate and -linolenate. Effect of fish oil on the fatty acid composition of human milk and maternal and infant erythrocytes. Evaluation of an alternating-calorie diet with and without exercise in the treatment of obesity. The ratio of trienoic:tetraenoic acids in tissue lipids as a measure of essential fatty acid requirement. Deficiency of essential fatty acids and membrane fluidity during pregnancy and lactation. Dietary saturated fats and their food sources in relation to the risk of coronary heart disease in women. Dietary intake of -linolenic acid and risk of fatal ischemic heart disease among women. Dietary fat and coronary heart disease: A comparison of approaches for adjusting for total energy intake and modeling repeated dietary measurements. Correlation of isomeric fatty acids in human adipose tissue with clinical risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Effects of dietary 9-trans,12-trans linoleate on arachidonic acid metabolism in rat platelets. Trans fatty acids in human milk are inversely associated with concentrations of essential all-cis n-6 and n-3 fatty acids and determine trans, but not n-6 and n-3, fatty acids in plasma lipids of breast-fed infants.
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