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STUDENT DIGITAL NEWSLETTER ALAGAPPA INSTITUTIONS |
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Peter J. Cawley, MD
If designed appropriately prostate trouble , they will provide access to instrumentation and technical knowhow to innovators and investigators in small businesses and academic centers man health 8th . There is a huge burden to maintain and acquire the cutting-edge machinery and tools to support innovation prostate cancer blood test . Of course prostate cancer journal , the government would be remunerated by the participating investigators at rates to recapture a significant portion of their operating costs. This could have the greatest impact on the product development on the future of our biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. For many of the diseases that innovators and clinical researchers are trying to address, there is an absence of data on what constitutes "normal" values for healthy individuals or ranges for clinically or pathologically defined stages of acute and chronic diseases. We have long established "norms" for measurements such as blood counts, electrolytes, liver functions, etc. If we had such tests or "surrogates of efficacy", then the entire process of clinical drug development could be dramatically improved. Such tests or surrogates will be derived from the cutting edge bio/nano/info technologies and the consequence will be: a. Identification of patients who will or will not benefit from treatment, resulting in better outcomes, reducing unnecessary side effects in individuals who will not benefit and overall cost savings by targeting people who will benefit most d. Identification of populations at risk of developing a diseases, resulting in earlier intervention. Providing patients and health care providers with the specific metrics to make decisions for intervention f. Adopting the translational aspects of cutting edge tools in genomics, proteomics, informatics, statistics, etc. Expanding therapeutic efforts on orphan diseases, particularly those providing insights into the pathogenesis or treatment of diseases affecting larger populations. The impetus for these efforts is that orphan diseases, are mostly overlooked by industry and government with regard to the development of new therapies due to low commercial potential in the context of very expensive development costs. However, recent examples suggest that pursuits in orphan diseases can provide both potential medical and commercial benefits to patient and industry alike. The success of imatinib in treating the rare gastrointestinal stromal tumors has led to its use in a broader array of more frequent cancers. While industry has begun to expand efforts in these orphan diseases, the government can provide additional impetus through granting initiatives and cooperative centers for discovery. Emerging infections present another important example where it is not commercially viable to develop new therapies. Unlike other "orphan" diseases, the unpredictability of where cases will appear during any given season makes testing of new experimental treatments exceedingly difficult. I have some followup comments for the committee as they are preparing their summary report. Jackson during the meeting: the technology opportunity I decided to highlight is service robotics, because they have the potential to dramatically impact such a diverse set of societal needs. Robots that are capable of working alongside people will revolutionize workplaces. A key example of this and one that has the potential to dramatically influence our economy is in manufacturing. Robotics represents perhaps our best opportunity to achieve higher levels of domestic manufacturing agility and overall productivity needed to retain high-value manufacturing jobs in the U. These kinds of high-value manufacturing jobs will be a key element in our ability to capitalize on the markets at the intersection of the "golden triangle". There is an opportunity to usher in a new era of agile and innovative manufacturing by developing service robots as co-workers in the manufacturing domain. These capable assistants would work safely in collaboration and close proximity to highly skilled workers. For example, providing logistical support, automatically fetching parts, packing/unpacking, loading, stacking boxes, emptying bins, detecting and cleaning spills. And these service robots are not only relevant to manufacturing, very similar logistical robotic support could help streamline the operation of hospitals, driving healthcare costs down. In order to realize this vision, we need to move beyond robots only operating in relatively static structured environments. This presents several basic research challenges, and I think that the following three are most critical to progress. We need these robots to work safely and efficiently in collaboration with human workers. Recently, over 140 robotics experts across the country have come together to articulate a national robotics initiative, a robotics research roadmap. This roadmap lays out the target areas where we think robotics research efforts need to be supported in order to bring about robot technology that will have the biggest impact on our economy and our society. This roadmap has been developed in collaboration with industry, with an eye toward how we can cross the "lab gap" to realize service robots in the U. Our goal is that this roadmap influences the research initiatives of government funding agencies, particularly non-defense agencies that do not typically support robotics research. In order for a robot to work side-by-side with a human partner it will need human compatible intelligence capabilities. If instead we talk about the specific intelligence challenges, suddenly it all seems much more achievable, and we can imagine some semi-autonomous form of service robots being deployed in the not so distant future. We see that off-the-shelf sensing technology is getting better and better, and notice that academic and industrial partners are making the manipulation problem seem more achievable everyday. I hope to continue to be a productive part of the conversation and in helping shape the future of technology in the U. I found the meeting extremely interesting, and I hope you got what you wanted out of the event. As you suggested in your email, I am writing to provide you with a few followon thoughts. In addition, I thought I would send you the answers to the workshop questions I wrote in preparation for the meeting. Neither of these documents are very polished, but I hope they will be useful to you nonetheless. It was a pleasure seeing you again, and I hope we will be able to collaborate again soon. In developing such policies, however, it is important to keep in mind a few key ideas o the difficulty in crossing the "valley of death" or obtaining support for innovative R&D pursuit is a "feature, not a bug. Unfortunately, this filter is not very efficient, rejecting many good ideas and passing along many bad ones. However, we rarely ask the equally important and reasonable question of what is the government doing to cause/exacerbate that problem and how do we get it to stop. And those two really are the same thing, differing only in the eye of the beholder. What is viewed as assistance can have unintended consequence that squelch development. For example, Government support of an activity can instead slow progress by eliminating market forces, such as competition, by the pre-selection of winners and losers by the government policy. There is an important role for government policy to address innovation and development issues, but the trade-off and implications need to be carefully considered. One such area of government assistance that has widespread support from most observers is infrastructure development. Government should focus on providing the underlying resources required to enable the R&D and innovation activities. Fee for service facilities and multi-institution laboratories should be supported to provide researchers access to the cutting edge metrology and fabrication tools. Also, nanotechnology is inherently interdisciplinary rather than stove-piped in a scientific discipline. As such, the government should adapt a "centers" approach to funding, rather than targeting individual researchers. Fortunately, both of these activities are happening at present and they should be expanded. In the other areas, the major stumbling blocks will be in the areas of bandwidth and energy/power sources. Both information technology and biotechnology are becoming data intensive pursuits, and the ability to share/transmit information is paramount. On the practical side, most of my research is in the area of nanoelectronics, nano-enabled power systems, and nanosensing. I also do some work on the fundamental electrical behavior of molecules, but that is mostly pure science at present.
Because the lahar bypass will be outside the limits of Mount Rainier National Park prostate cancer stages , it is believed that a lahar will lack the force to carry large boulders (those measuring approximately 30 feet across with a weight of approximately 60 tons) to the lahar bypass where blockage may be of concern; this means that a lahar must push such a massive object about 4 miles prostate cancer 1 in 7 . In addition prostate cancer xenograft models , due the flow rate capacities of the sized channels blockage is not considered to be a concern i prostate cancer education . If the proposed system is also desired by the National Park Service, discussions will be pursed to allow the removal of all the trees that are within 275 feet from the centerline of the mentioned rivers up to the system. Technical Objectives and the Work Plan Technical Objectives the Objectives There are several technical objectives that must take place, when the system is to be constructed in order to save lives and to protect the previously cited municipalities. The government selects a conceptual plan that best fits the needs of the area under consideration. A detailed design of the selected conceptual plan is completed k, which is reviewed by the government. The government approves of the construction documents, with applicable modifications, if any. The acceptance of the bid proposals, this is followed by the selection of a general contractor l by the government. The government is to complete this task with assistance, if needed, from the chief engineering firm. Note: After a determination is made regarding the possible routes of the system, a study will be conducted to insure that the actual placement of the system will not have an adverse impact on wetlands or animals of the Endangered Species Act. Due to the size of the described project, a joint venture between a few contractors may be desired. This includes the preparation of the conceptual plans, which shows the orientation of the system to the western border of the Mount Rainier National Park and its passage through the Counties of Pierce, Lewis and Pacific. This procedure is to occur after the government selects a conceptual plan with modifications, if desired. The Construction of the System Under the direction of the chief engineering firm, the general contractor will construct the system that is indicated within the construction documents. The activities of the general contractor are monitored and inspected on a continual basis by the government. The Work Plan the Project Implementation For the construction of the system to be implemented, a desire must first be shown by the government as the means of diverting lahars for the purpose to save lives, and to protect the municipalities near the Carbon River (Carbonado and Wilkeson), those near the Puyallup River (Fife, Orting, Puyallup, Sumner and Tacoma (of interest the Port of Tacoma)) and those near the Nisqually River (Ashford and Elbe) in the event Mount Rainier erupts. This consulting firm offers civil, structural, mechanical, electrical engineering, piping/plumbing and design services. Also, this consulting firm service includes site feasibility studies, site planning, utility design and construction administration. Gordon may choose to select a recognized structural/geotechnical engineering firm from Washington State to perform the necessary task of the development of the construction documents, perform contract administration duties and/or field observations. This firm specializes in architecture, interior design, master planning and sustainable design and consulting. This architectural firm will serve as a design consultant to the chief engineering firm as to matters that relate to the aesthetics of the system. This firm will oversee the construction of the system by conducting scheduled and unscheduled inspections during the construction phase, and submit progress reports every two weeks. This is to insure that the general contractor is following the construction methods as indicated within the construction documents. The success of this firm must be documented, such as in letters of reference by the owners of previous projects. When necessary, the structural/geotechnical engineering firms are interviewed; from this process a firm is selected. The General Contractor the general contractor is to have a successful track record of managing subcontractors, such that the construction phase of the system is completed within the established budget and within the allotted time period; the allotted time period is to be approximately 65 weeks. The success of the general contractor must be documented, such as in letters of reference by the owners of previous projects. Note: If a joint venture between a few contractors is desired, such a venture must have had occurred before and the success of this undertaking must be documented. The Activities of the Proposed Project this portion of the unsolicited proposal cites the processes that are found within the technical objectives (refer to B. Technical Objectives and the Work Plan, Technical Objectives, the Objectives; page 10). The cited activities are to occur shortly after the government begins the process of acquiring the land on which the system is to be constructed. Under the direction of the chief engineering firm, the conceptual plans which show the orientation of the system are completed and are shown to the government. Based on the selected conceptual plan, under the direction of the chief engineering firm, the engineering calculations and the construction documents are completed, which are reviewed by the government. After the construction documents reflect the desires of the government and these plans are approved, the project is advertised for bid. Shortly after a contract is signed between the general contractor and the government, the construction phase begins, and is completed within approximately 65 weeks. As stated earlier, the activities of the general contractor are monitored and inspected by the government. Who Will Benefit, the Uniqueness of the Project, Etc Who Will Benefit the federally recognized tribe of the Puyallup Tribe of Indians would benefit from the proposed system, because it will prevent the area of this tribe from becoming inundated by a lahar. The municipalities of Ashford, Carbonado, Elbe, Fife, Orting, Puyallup, Sumner, Tacoma and Wilkeson will benefit greatly from the implementation of the proposed system, because it will prevent these municipalities from becoming inundated by lahars due to an erupting Mount Rainier; refer to the notes found on pages 4, 5. The seventh largest container port in North America, the Port of Tacoma would benefit from the proposed system, because it will prevent this Port from becoming inundated by lahars. This will result in safeguarding the trade between the United States and its trade partners. The Uniqueness of the Project the author of this unsolicited proposal believes that the proposed system is distinct, because it will provide the means of capturing lahars and of depositing this material into the Pacific Ocean, such that the cited municipalities do not become inundated by lahars. Deserving of Attention the author of this unsolicited proposal believes that the proposed system deserves the attention of the government as the means of capturing lahars and that of being the predetermined route for lahars as it travels, under its own power, to the Pacific Ocean- where it will deposit itself (the lahar) into the ocean. Relationship with Future Research and/or Development the proposed system does not have a relationship to future research and/or development, except toward the implementation of the described system in other areas that are at risk from lahars; these areas would include the municipalities that surround Mount Ruapehu in New Zealand and Mount Galunggung in Indonesia. Outcome the Immediate and Long-Range Results It is hoped that the immediate result will be that the government will pursue the processes that will lead to the construction of the system that is described within this unsolicited proposal, such that the cited municipalities will be protected from lahars that are produced by an erupting Mount Rainier. It is also hoped that the long-range result will be that others countries will purse the implementation of a similar system in areas that are considered at risk from lahars. This business is understood to provide support for the development and construction of the proposed system that is mentioned within this unsolicited proposal. Estimated Costs the Estimated Cost the individual costs that are listed below are merely an estimate and must be viewed as such. Land Estimated cost for land to construct system: $144,242,424 the general contractor is to determine the actual construction cost for the system at the time of bidding. Rather than give a line item estimate of the proposed system, which is controlled by the desires of the government, listed below are only the estimates of the key components of the system: Office Estimated cost of building: $525,792 Standby Electrical System Estimated cost of system: $3,500,000 Dams Estimated cost for four (4) dams (one at each river n): $12,000,000 Reinforced Concrete Walls Estimated cost of walls: $855,360 the Bypass: the Reinforced Concrete Channels Estimated cost of excavation: $242,908,160 Estimated cost of construction of channels: $15,272,717 the Bypass: the Dirt Trapezoidal Channel Estimated cost of excavation: $1,182,720,000 Estimated cost of mounds: $887,040,000 the Bypass: Transition at Shoreline Estimated cost of transition: $14,525,000 the sum of these estimated quantities yields $2,359,347,029. Thus, it can be understood that the described system will cost less than 3 billion dollars. These rivers would be the Carbon River, the Nisqually River, the North Puyallup River and the South Puyallup River. Notes: There are several changes that must occur to the transportation infrastructure. For a comparison, the Deer Island Waste Water Treatment Plant (located on Deer Island in the Boston Harbor) had a construction cost of $3. Period of Time Unsolicited Proposal is Valid Period of Being Valid this unsolicited proposal is valid for a period of 90 calendar days. Unless otherwise previously stated, the starting date of the review is the date that appears within the Cover Letter; refer to page 1 of this proposal.
By the end of his term prostate cancer diet , his disapproval rating reached 77 percent prostate cancer journal , and Americans began to look toward the Republican Party again mens health quotes . Acting as both mediator and participant mens health logo , he persuaded the two leaders to end a 30-year state of war. After protracted and often emotional debate, Carter also secured Senate ratification of treaties ceding the Panama Canal to Panama by the year 2000. The 1979 Soviet invasion of Afghanistan killed the treaty and triggered a Carter defense buildup that paved the way for the huge expenditures of the 1980s. After an Islamic fundamentalist revolution led by Shiite Muslim leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini replaced a corrupt but friendly regime, Carter admitted the deposed shah to the United States for medical treatment. Angry Iranian militants, supported by the Islamic regime, seized the American embassy in Tehran and held 53 American hostages for more than a year. The long-running hostage crisis dominated the final year of his presidency and greatly damaged his chances for re-election. Just as it has with earlier dangers, the United States took up this formidable challenge in unison with its allies. At the same time, it coped with changes sparked by globalization, fast-paced technological developments, and new waves of immigration that have made American society more diverse than in the past. The country sought to build upon the achievements of its history, and to honor those who have sacrificed for its cause. Bush (center) meets with British Prime Minister Tony Blair (left), National Security Adviser Condoleezza Rice, and Secretary of State Colin Powell (right) at the White House during his first term. President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama wave goodbye from Gardermoen Airport outside Oslo, Norway. President Obama was in Oslo to receive the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 2009. Gates and Jobs are seen as the most powerful symbols of the creative and commercial talent that shaped the digital era. Bales of sorted recyclables are stacked for processing at the Rumpke recycling center in Columbus, Ohio. Growing environmental consciousness in the United States has led to huge recycling efforts for materials such as glass, paper, steel, and aluminum. The United States is a leading contributor to the fight against this global pandemic. The vote followed the 2003 war, led by the United States and other coalition members, which rid Iraq of dictator Saddam Hussein. The composition of the population and the most important jobs and skills in American society had undergone major changes. By the mid-1980s, nearly three-fourths of all employees worked in the service sector, for instance, as retail clerks, office workers, teachers, physicians, and government employees. Service-sector activity benefited from the availability and increased use of the computer. The information age arrived, with hardware and software that could aggregate previously unimagined amounts of data about economic and social trends. The federal government had made significant investments in computer technology in the 1950s and 1960s for its military and space programs. In 1976, two young California entrepreneurs, working out of a garage, assembled the first widely marketed computer for home use, named it the Apple, and ignited a revolution. By 1980 Japanese companies already manufactured a fifth of the vehicles sold in the United States. American manufacturers struggled with some success to match the cost efficiencies and engineering standards of their Japanese rivals, but their former dominance of the domestic car market was gone forever. The giant old-line steel companies shrank to relative insignificance as foreign steel makers adopted new technologies more readily. Consumers were the beneficiaries of this ferocious competition in the manufacturing industries, but the painful struggle to cut costs meant the permanent loss of hundreds of thousands of blue-collar jobs. Those who could made the switch to the service sector; others became unfortunate statistics. After the end of the postwar "baby boom" (1946 to 1964), the overall rate of population growth declined and the population grew older. In 1980 the percentage of family households dropped; a quarter of all groups were now classified as "nonfamily households," in which two or more unrelated persons lived together. The 1965 reform in immigration policy shifted the focus away from Western Europe, facilitating a dramatic increase in new arrivals from Asia and Latin America. In 1980, 808,000 immigrants arrived, the highest number in 60 years, as the country once more became a haven for people from around the world. Additional groups became active participants in the struggle for equal opportunity. Homosexuals, using the tactics and rhetoric of the civil rights movement, depicted themselves as an oppressed group seeking recognition of basic rights. Transmitted sexually or through blood transfusions, it struck homosexual men and intravenous drug users with particular virulence, although the general population proved vulnerable as well. Conservatives, long out of power at the national level, were well positioned politically in the context of this new mood. Many Americans were receptive to their message of limited government, strong national defense, and the protection of traditional values. A large group of fundamentalist Christians were particularly concerned about crime and sexual immorality. They hoped to return religion or the moral precepts often associated with it to a central place in American life. One of the most politically effective groups in the early 1980s, the Moral Majority, was led by a Baptist minister, Jerry Falwell. Another, led by the Reverend Pat Robertson, built an organization, the Christian Coalition, that by the 1990s was a significant force in the Republican Party. Using television to spread their messages, Falwell, Robertson, and others like them developed substantial followings. They included, but were not limited to , Catholics, political conservatives, and religious evan- gelicals, most of whom regarded abortion under virtually any circumstances as tantamount to murder. Pro-choice and pro-life (that is, pro- and anti-abortion rights) demonstrations became a fixture of the political landscape. They had briefly seized control of the Republican Party in 1964 with its presidential candidate, Barry Goldwater, then faded from the spotlight. By 1980, however, with the apparent failure of liberalism under Carter, a "New Right" was poised to return to dominance. Using modern direct mail techniques as well as the power of mass communications to spread their message and raise funds, drawing on the ideas of conservatives like economist Milton Friedman, journalists William F. Buckley and George Will, and research institutions like the Heritage Foundation, the New Right played a significant role in defining the issues of the 1980s. The "Old" Goldwater Right had favored strict limits on government intervention in the economy. This tendency was reinforced by a significant group of "New Right" "libertarian conservatives" who distrusted government in general and opposed state interference in personal behavior. But the New Right also encompassed a stronger, often evangelical faction determined to wield state power to encourage its views. Reagan, born in Illinois, achieved stardom as an actor in Hollywood movies and television before turning to politics. He first achieved political prominence with a nationwide televised speech in 1964 in support of Barry Goldwater. He narrowly missed winning the Republican nomination for president in 1976 before succeeding in 1980 and going on to win the presidency from the incumbent, Jimmy Carter. Wholly at ease before the microphone and the television camera, Reagan was called the "Great Communicator. He wanted to cut programs he contended the country did not need, and to eliminate "waste, fraud, and abuse. He sought to abolish many regulations affecting the consumer, the workplace, and the environment. These, he argued, were inefficient, expensive, and detrimental to economic growth. Reagan also reflected the belief held by many conservatives that the law should be strictly applied against violators.
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