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STUDENT DIGITAL NEWSLETTER ALAGAPPA INSTITUTIONS |
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M. Tom, M.A., M.D., Ph.D.
Deputy Director, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University
An electronics retailer used regression to find a simple model to predict sales growth in the first quarter of the new year (January through March) conventional medicine discount mildronate 250mg with amex. Year 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 # flu cases diagnosed # flu deaths 29 121 453 1 symptoms your dog has worms discount mildronate 250mg with visa,482 3 medicine for stomach pain discount 500 mg mildronate with amex,466 6 treatment 360 cheap mildronate 500mg without a prescription,878 11,987 16,162 20,868 27,591 31,335 36,560 41,055 44,730 49,095 49,456 319 1,170 3,076 6,240 11,776 19,032 28,564 35,447 42,674 48,634 59,660 78,530 78,834 71,874 68,505 Pre-1981 91 Table 12. What does the correlation imply about the relationship between time (years) and the number of diagnosed flu cases reported in the U. The scatter plot shows the relationship between hours spent studying and exam scores. Are you more or less confident in the predictive ability of the new line of best fit What is the process through which we can calculate a line that goes through a scatter plot with a linear pattern Maximum value ($) 16 19 15 17 19 15 16 15 17 Decide which variable should be the independent variable and which should be the dependent variable. Use the least-squares line to estimate the gold medal time for the next Summer Olympics. Find the estimated number of letters (to the nearest integer) a state would have if it entered the Union in 1900. Find the estimated number of letters a state would have if it entered the Union in 1940. Stories 57 28 26 40 60 22 38 110 100 46 Using "stories" as the independent variable and "height" as the dependent variable, make a scatter plot of the data. Based on the least squares line, adding an extra story is predicted to add about how many feet to a building The following table shows data on average per capita coffee consumption and heart disease rate in a random sample of 10 countries. Do the data provide convincing evidence that there is a linear relationship between the amount of coffee consumed and the heart disease death rate Population Size 558,724 538,584 519,171 500,457 482,418 465,029 448,267 432,109 416,533 401,518 387,046 373,095 359,647 Table 12. Do the data provide convincing evidence that there is a linear relationship between population size and homicide rate The average number of people in a family that attended college for various years is given in Table 12. Year 1969 1973 1975 1979 1983 1988 1991 Number of Family Members Attending College 4. Using "year" as the independent variable and "Number of Family Members Attending College" as the dependent variable, draw a scatter plot of the data. Pick two years between 1969 and 1991 and find the estimated number of family members attending college. Using the least-squares line, estimate the number of family members attending college for 1960 and 1995. What is the estimated average number of family members attending college for 1986 Year 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1990 1992 Percent of workers paid hourly rates 61. If the laundry detergent were sold in a 90-ounce size, find the estimated cost per ounce. According to a flyer by a Prudential Insurance Company representative, the costs of approximate probate fees and taxes for selected net taxable estates are as follows: Net Taxable Estate ($) 600,000 750,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000 3,000,000 Table 12. Approximate Probate Fees and Taxes ($) 30,000 92,500 203,000 438,000 688,000 1,037,000 1,350,000 Decide which variable should be the independent variable and which should be the dependent variable. Sale Price ($) 147 197 297 447 1177 2177 2497 Decide which variable should be the independent variable and which should be the dependent variable. Therefore, year becomes the independent variable and the number of flu cases is the dependent variable. The regression equation does not apply, because predicting for the year 1970 is extrapolation, which requires a different process.
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The results for 10- and 15-month olds were the same: Anger produced the greatest inhibition treatment cervical cancer mildronate 500mg low cost, followed by disgust harrison internal medicine purchase 500 mg mildronate, with neutral the least medications 6 rights generic mildronate 250mg line. This study was later replicated using joy and disgust expressions medications errors cheap mildronate 250mg amex, altering the method so that the infants were not allowed to touch the toy (compared with a distractor object) until one hour after exposure to the expression (Hertenstein & Campos, 2004). At 14 months of age, significantly more infants touched the toy when they saw joyful expressions, but fewer touched the toy when the infants saw disgust. Emotional self-regulation refers to strategies we use to control our emotional states so that we can attain goals (Thompson & Goodvin, 2007). This requires effortful control of emotions and initially requires assistance from caregivers (Rothbart, Posner, & Kieras, 2006). Young infants have very limited capacity to adjust their emotional states and depend on their caregivers to help soothe themselves. By 4 to 6 months, babies can begin to shift their attention away from upsetting stimuli (Rothbart et al, 2006). Older infants and toddlers can more effectively communicate their need for help and can crawl or walk toward or away from various situations (Cole, Armstrong, & Pemberton, 2010). Development of sense of self: During the second year of life, children begin to recognize themselves as they gain a sense of self as object. If the child reacted by touching his or her own nose rather that of the "baby" in the mirror, it was taken to suggest that the child recognized the reflection as him- or herself. Lewis and Brooks found that somewhere between 15 and 24 months most infants developed a sense of self-awareness. Once a child has achieved self-awareness, the child is moving toward understanding social emotions such as guilt, shame or embarrassment, as well as, sympathy or empathy. The formation of attachments in infancy has been the subject of considerable research as attachments have been viewed as foundations for future relationships. Additionally, attachments form the basis for confidence and curiosity as toddlers, and as important influences on selfconcept. Freud believed the infant will become attached to a person or object that provides this pleasure. Consequently, infants were believed to become attached to their mother because she was the one who satisfied their oral needs and provided pleasure. Freud further believed that the infants will become attached to their mothers "if the mother is relaxed and generous in her feeding practices, thereby allowing the child a lot of oral pleasure," (Shaffer, 1985, p. The infants were separated from their biological mothers, and two surrogate mothers were introduced to their cages. One, the wire mother, consisted of a round wooden head, a mesh of cold metal wires, and a bottle of milk from which the baby monkey could drink. The infant monkeys went to the wire mother for food, but they overwhelmingly preferred and spent significantly more time with the warm terry-cloth mother. The warm terry-cloth mother provided no food but did provide comfort (Harlow, 1958). From this base, they can gain the confidence they need to venture out and explore their worlds. He defined attachment as the affectional bond or tie that an infant forms with the mother (Bowlby, 1969). An infant must form this bond with a primary caregiver in order to have normal social and emotional development. In addition, Bowlby proposed that this attachment bond is very powerful and continues throughout life. He used the concept of secure base to define a healthy attachment between parent and child (Bowlby, 1982). A secure base is a parental presence that gives the child a sense of safety as the child explores the surroundings. Additionally, Bowlby observed that infants would go to extraordinary lengths to prevent separation from their parents, such as crying, refusing to be comforted, and waiting for the caregiver to return.
Post-retirement: Those who look most forward to retirement and have plans are those who anticipate adequate income (Erber & Szuchman medicine search order 250mg mildronate, 2015) treatment plan template buy mildronate 500 mg with mastercard. This is especially true for males who have worked consistently and have a pension and/or adequate savings medicine lake montana discount 500mg mildronate amex. Many of these individuals chose to pursue additional training to improve skills to return to work in a second career osteoporosis treatment order 250mg mildronate visa. For some older students who no longer are focus on financial reasons, returning to school is intended to enable them to pursue work that is personally fulfilling. Attending college in late adulthood is also a great way for seniors to stay young and keep their minds sharp. Even if an elder chooses not to attend college for a degree, there are many continuing education programs on topics of Source interest available. In 1975, a nonprofit educational travel organization called Elderhostel began in New Hampshire with five programs for several hundred retired participants (DiGiacomo, 2015). This program combined college classroom time with travel tours and experiential learning experiences. In 2010 the organization changed its name to Road Scholar, and it now serves 100,000 people per year in the U. Academic courses, as well as practical skills such as computer classes, foreign languages, budgeting, and holistic medicines, are among the courses offered. Older adults who have higher levels of education are more likely to take continuing education. However, offering more educational experiences to a diverse group of older adults, including those who are institutionalized in nursing homes, can bring enhance the quality of life. Those 60 and older now spend more than half of their daily leisure time (4 hours and 16 minutes) in front of screens. Screen time has increased for those in their 60s, 70s, 80s and beyond, and across genders and education levels. This rise in screen time coincides with significant growth in the use of digital technology by older Americans. In 2000, 14% of those aged 65 and older used the Internet, and now 73% are users and 53% own smartphones. Alternatively, the time spent on other recreational activities, such as reading or socializing, has gone Source down slightly. People with less education spend more of their leisure time on screens and less time reading compared with those with more education. Less educated adults also spend less time exercising: 12 minutes a day for those with a high school diploma or less, compared with 26 minutes for college graduates. These stereotypes are reflected in everyday conversations, the media, and even in greeting cards (Overstreet, 2006). Age is not revered in the United States, and so laughing about getting older in birthday cards is one way to get relief. The negative attitudes people have about those in late adulthood are examples of ageism, or prejudice based on age. The term ageism was first used in 1969, and according to Nelson (2016), ageism remains one of the most institutionalized forms of prejudice today. In contrast, older individuals in cultures, such as China, that held more positive views on aging did not demonstrate cognitive deficits. This is known as stereotype threat, and it was originally used to explain race and gender differences in academic achievement (Gatz et al. Stereotype threat research has demonstrated that older adults who internalize the aging 411 stereotypes will exhibit worse memory performance, worse physical performance, and reduced self-efficacy (Levy, 2009). In terms of physically taking care of themselves, those who believe in negative stereotypes are less likely to engage in preventative health behaviors, less likely to recover from illnesses, and more likely to feel stress and anxiety, which can adversely affect immune functioning and cardiovascular health (Nelson, 2016). Additionally, individuals who attribute their health problems to their age, had a higher death rate. Similarly, doctors who believe that illnesses are just natural consequence of aging are less likely to have older adults participate in clinical trials or receive life-sustaining treatment. In contrast, those older adults who possess positive and optimistic views of aging are less likely to have physical or mental health problems and are more likely to live longer. Removing societal stereotypes about aging and helping older adults reject those notions of aging is another way to promote health and life expectancy among the elderly.
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These goals required access to citations and surveys of new and recent research in their particular eld(s) treatment uveitis safe 500 mg mildronate. Researcher users were similarly characterized as potentially coming from a broad eld and/or a more specic eld of research expertise treatment of ringworm mildronate 250mg cheap. Their goals included self-directed research for the purpose of building knowledge-area bibliographies (often annotated) medicine 91360 cheap mildronate 250mg, writing and presenting conference papers treatment xanthelasma 500 mg mildronate amex, writing and delivering lectures, engaging in scholarly publication, and building and maintaining their scholarly reputations. As a whole, these results suggested three key user requirements: the facilitation of high-level research, the facilitation of collaboration, and the achievement of recognition in their eld of study. Design Principles, Processes, and Prototypes A series of design principles were also agreed upon, which dictated that the interface design should focus (visul on providing ecient ways to complete tasks (e0ieny), on managing higher and lower priority objects work environment exiility). The rst step was lne), on testing usability (prototyping), and on the ability to rapidly execute tasks in an agile to conduct environmental scans in order to survey successful features oered by other web applications and assess their applicability for our present needs. The third step was to develop simple prototypes, and the fourth, to develop initial designs. A useful feature of some applications is the suggestion of search terms to Available for free at Connexions <cnx. Other applications oer bookshelves of saved search items, allowing their users to group items together and to tag, rate, and comment on them (Figure 8). The survey of reader and display functions similarly suggested useful features 9). Research Insights and the Humanities Model of Dissemination While we have learned much about humanistic engagement with the technologies under consideration, we recognize also that we have gained signicant experience and understanding about the nature of the work itself from a disciplinary perspective. One unexpected insight involved the nature of where the research lies in our endeavor. Our original approach to the project was to work toward a reading environment that suited the needs of professional readers, with the belief that we understood our own needs best and could therefore contribute to the development of professional reading tools through our active participation in pertinent research processes. Conceptualizing and theorizing the foundations of and rationales for humanist tools and their features was an important part of our role, as was modeling the features and functions computationally so that it was clear that what we wished to do could be done. Indeed, we had particular success in amalgamating previously unconnected (but research-pertinent) database contents so that a researcher could speed workow by not having to enter search terms across several unconnected databases and interfaces. By modeling these processes we were better able to understand the problems and to suggest possible solutions. From our perspective as researchers, developing the prototype that proved the concept was our primary goal anything beyond this was more Available for free at Connexions <cnx. In the second instance, we found that the most valuable point of impact for our research work manifested in ways that our humanities disciplines could not readily understand, evaluate, and appreciate. Our researchrelated successes often involved (1) the identication of a key area of intervention pertaining to our larger program of research; (2) understanding this area and modeling it with the computer; (3) testing and rening the model until we achieved acceptable functionality in proof of concept; (4) delivering a conference paper on this as quickly as possible (because computational elds, their tools, and the possibilities they enable advance rapidly) and engaging in further discussions with those who were interested in carrying this work further; and either (5a) working with a partner who was interested in putting our research into production within their own work; (5b) watching others involved in adjacent programs of research implement similar features in their own work and advancing our own research in that way; or (5c) noting the adoption of our procedures without our involvement by other area stakeholders. As a progression from idea to point of impact, this is ideal in every way except one: in professional terms. As a result, work related to this project has, for the most part, been disseminated without publication, and is therefore largely unquantiable in humanities disciplinary terms. During this time we have presented our ndings at conferences and discussed our methodology of modeling and prototyping with other research groups. The professional and pedagogical exercise of this work has been immense, driven at its core by a consistent aim to explore document-centered reading environments, and to work toward the production of a functional tool for a variety of professional readers. As with any project of this nature, our research experience has been (and continues to be) attended by successes and fraught with apparent dead-ends. However, as the preceding project narrative has made clear, even these seemingly inconclusive pursuits are in fact evidence of an active pedagogical process and a professional evolution in design and implementation something privileged in all academic pursuitwhere each step has led to a better understanding of how our overall research goals could be accomplished. In light of the insights gained and lessons learned, our next steps are rmer and more secure, and we bring our experience to a series of very fruitful partnerships in which elements of our research are being extended in ways not initially considered. These processes led to iterative computational modeling and testing, aimed at the creation of a proof-of-concept prototype. In turn, this new work draws on earlier and ongoing work with Iter, another of our research partners, to further develop the concept of enriched domain-specic knowledgebases, as well as ongoing research as part of a collaboration with the Transliteracies and BlueSky working groups at the University of California, Santa Barbara, towards the prototyping of an interface with document-centered professional reading tools and advanced social networking capabilities. As we embark on new directions and build new partnerships and collaborations, we expect many more portals in the immediate future, and beyond. The Bard in Bits: Electronic Editions of Shakespeare and Programs to Analyze gomputers nd the rumnities 24.