Pamela Susan Douglas, MD

• Professor of Medicine
• Ursula Geller Distinguished Professor for Research in Cardiovascular Disease, in the School of Medicine
• Member in the Duke Clinical Research Institute

https://medicine.duke.edu/faculty/pamela-susan-douglas-md

An ocular inflammatory disease includes womens health 30 day bikini diet discount dostinex 0.5 mg fast delivery, but is not limited to womens health weight loss pills order dostinex 0.5 mg on line, post-surgical inflammation women's health louisville ky 0.5 mg dostinex visa. In other words women's health clinic northfield dostinex 0.5 mg, the immune system mistakes some part of the body as a pathogen and attacks its own cells. Hematological diseases include diseases associated with aberrant hematological content and/or function. Examples of neurological diseases include, but are not limited to , headache, stupor and coma, dementia, seizure, sleep disorders, trauma, infections, neoplasms, neuroophthalmology, movement disorders, demyelinating diseases, spinal cord disorders, and disorders of peripheral nerves, muscle and neuromuscular junctions. Addiction and mental illness, include, but are not limited to , bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, are also included in the definition of neurological diseases. One or more of the painful conditions contemplated herein can comprise mixtures of various types of pain provided above and herein. In other embodiments, the painful condition comprises two or more types of pains without one dominating. A skilled clinician can determine the dosage to achieve a therapeutically effective amount for a particular subject based on the painful condition. A metabolic disorder is associated with either a deficiency or excess in a metabolic pathway resulting in an imbalance in metabolism of nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and/or carbohydrates. Factors affecting metabolism include, and are not limited to , the endocrine (hormonal) control system. The luminescence was quantified using Livinglmage software (Perkin Elmer) to measure the radiance of each organ in photons/se. In another aspect, provided are compositions comprising a compound of Formula (I), or a salt thereof, and an agent, and optionally an excipient. The compositions have been found to be able to effectively deliver an agent to a subject or cell. A compound of Formula (I), which includes more than one amino moiety that may be protonated to form a positively charged ammonium cation, may bind to an agent that includes negatively charged moieties to form a non-covalent complex. The compound of Formula (I) also includes four (4) optionally substituted alkenyl R moieties, as defined herein, which may assist the compound of Formula (I) and/or the complex of the compound of Formula (I) and the agent to pass through cell membranes and/or mask the charge on the agent to be delivered. In certain embodiments, the composition is useful in delivering an agent selectively to a particular tissue or organ. Compounds [00119] In one aspect, provided are compounds of Formula (I): and salts thereof, wherein each instance of R is independently optionally substituted C6-C 4o alkenyl. In certain embodiments, one, two, three, or each) instance of R is independently an optionally substituted C 12 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C 13 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C 14 alkenyl, an optionally substituted Cisalkenyl, an optionally substituted C 16 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C17 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C 1 alkenyl, an optionally substituted C 19 alkenyl, or an optionally substituted C 2o alkenyl. In certain embodiments, herein, is an unsubstituted one or more R groups, as defined each of the R groups, as alkenyl moiety. For example, in certain embodiments, each) instance of R is independently embodiments, optionally substituted C 6 -C 4o n-alkenyl. In certain embodiments, one or more R groups, as defined herein, is an unsubstituted n-alkenyl moiety. In certain embodiments, each of the R groups, as defined herein, is an unsubstituted n-alkenyl moiety. It is understood that the designation of cis may also refer to the Z configuration, and the designation of trans may also refer to the E configuration of the double bond if the double bond is tri- or tetra-substituted. In certain embodiments, the only degrees of unsaturation in the group R are attributed to olefinic (double) bonds. In certain embodiments, trans alkenyl bonds provided in the R group are specifically excluded. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an -(C 4-1 on-alkylene)(C 2alkenylene)-(Ci 2on-alkyl), provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an optionally substituted -(C 4 ioalkylene)(c -C 2alkenylene)-(Ci- 2oalkyl) moiety, provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an optionally substituted -(C 4-1 o«- alkylene)-(cz5-C 2alkenylene)-(Ci 2o«-alkyl) moiety, provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an -(C 4 io ft-alkylene)-(C2alkenylene)-(Ci 3 n-alkylene)-(C2alkenylene)-(Ci 2o n-alkyl), provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an optionally substituted -(C 4 ioalkylene)-(czs-C 2alkenylene)-(Ci3alkylene)-(czs-C 2alkenylene)-(Ci- 2oalkyl) moiety, provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an optionally substituted -(C 4 io n-alkylene)-(cz5-C2alkenylene)-(Ci 3 n-alkylene)-(czs-C2alkenylene)-(Ci 2o ft-alkyl) moiety, provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an -(C 4 io n-alkylene)-(C 2alkenylene)-(Ci 3 n alkylene)-(C 2alkenylene)-(Ci 3 n-alkylene)-(C 2alkenylene)-(Ci 2o«-alkyl), provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, the alkenyl R group is an optionally substituted -(C 4 io n-alkylene)-(cz5-C 2alkenylene)-(Ci 3 n-alkylene)-(cz5- C2alkenylene)-(C i 3 n-alkylene) -(c -C 2alkenylene)-(C 1-20 «-alkyl) moiety, provided R comprises no more than 40 linear carbon atoms. In certain embodiments, R comprises betweem 6 to 40, 10 to 40, 10 to 30, or 10 to 20 linear carbon atoms, inclusive. In certain embodiments, a composition comprises a compound of Formula (I), or a salt thereof, and optionally an excipient. In certain embodiments, a composition comprises a compound of Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and optionally a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. The agent may form a complex with a compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof in the composition. In certain embodiments, the composition is useful in the delivery of the agent to a subject in need thereof. In certain embodiments, the composition is useful in the delivery of an effective amount of the agent to the subject. In certain embodiments, the agent is covalently attached to the compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof in the composition. In certain embodiments, the agent is not covalently attached to the compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof in the composition. In certain embodiments, the compositions increase the delivery of the agent to a target tissue of the subject. In certain embodiments, the compositions selectively deliver the agent to the target tissue. In certain embodiments, the compositions increase the delivery of the agent to the liver of the subject. In certain embodiments, the compositions increase the delivery of the agent to the spleen of the subject. In certain embodiments, the compositions selectively delivers the agent to the liver, lung, and/or spleen of the subject. In certain embodiments, the exposure described herein is the exposure of the agent in a target tissue. The concentration of an agent and, when appropriate, its metabolite(s), in a subject or cell is measured as a function of time after administration. Concentration of an agent, and, when appropriate, of its metabolite(s), in a subject or cell, may be measured as a function of time in vivo using an appropriate animal model. One method of determining the concentration of an agent involves dissecting of a tissue or organ of the subject. In some embodiments, the delivery of the agent increases due to the presence of a complex formed between the compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof and the agent in the composition. In some embodiments, the compositions increase the delivery of the agent by at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 100%, at least about 2-fold, at least about 3-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 30-fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 300-fold, or at least about 1000-fold. In certain embodiments, the compositions increase the delivery of the agent by less than about 1000fold, less than about 300-fold, less than about 100-fold, less than about 30-fold, less than about 10-fold, less than about 3-fold, less than about 2-fold, less than about 100%, less than about 50%, less than about 30%, less than about 20%, or less than about 10%. In certain embodiments, a compound of Formula (I) or salt thereof is present in the composition in a sufficient amount to increase the delivery of the agent by an amount described herein compared to the delivery of the agent when administered in its absence. In certain embodiments, the tissue or organ to which the agent is selectively delivered to is a target tissue. In certain embodiments, the compositions deliver at least about 10%, at least about 20%, at least about 30%, at least about 40%, at least about 50%, at least about 70%, at least about 100%, at least about 3-fold, at least about 10-fold, at least about 30fold, at least about 100-fold, at least about 300-fold, or at least about 1000-fold more amount of the agent to a target tissue than to a non-target tissue. The amount of agent may be measured by the exposure, concentration, and/or bioavailability of the agent in a tissue or organ as described herein. In certain embodiments, the compositions deliver at most about 1000-fold, at most about 300-fold, at most about 100-fold, at most about 30-fold, at most about 10-fold, at most about 3-fold, at most about 100%, at most about 70%, at most about 50%, at most about 40%, at most about 30%, at most about 20%, or at most about 10% more amount of the agent to a target tissue than to a non-target tissue.

Giant Cell Arteritis (Temporal Arteritis) Classically menopause symptoms after hysterectomy cheap dostinex 0.25mg, glossopharyngeal neuralgia produces a sharp lancinating pain along the distribution of the glossopharyngeal nerve menstruation symptoms but no period 0.5 mg dostinex with amex. Symptoms are similar to those of trigeminal neuralgia breast cancer 7-year survival rates 0.5 mg dostinex overnight delivery, but in contrast menstrual vertigo discount 0.5mg dostinex mastercard, most cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia are found to represent a neoplasm at the base of the tongue or in the oropharynx. Therefore, a space-occupying lesion in these regions must be excluded by careful clinical examination and imaging studies. Clinically, the pain of glossopharyngeal neuralgia is identical to that of trigeminal neuralgia, but in this condition, the severe shooting sensation is situated within the tonsillar region or oropharynx, often radiating to the ear. In addition to pain associated with glossopharyngeal neuralgia, this condition may be a cause of neurally mediated syncope, with a vasovagal reflex producing bradycardia, hypotension, and cardiac arrest. If a space-occupying lesion has been excluded, medical management may be instituted. Carbamazepine is usually successful in controlling the pain, and additional pharmacologic agents are available. Resolution of symptoms following a trial course of carbamazepine in a suspected case can support the diagnosis. Surgical options may be considered in cases that are unresponsive to drug therapy. Up to 10% of patients who have suffered recurrent varicella zoster infection of the trigeminal nerve (shingles, herpes zoster) subsequently develop a persistent neuralgia. Damage to neural tissue or persistence of virus within the trigeminal nerve ganglion have been implicated in this condition. Postherpetic Neuralgia Giant cell arteritis is a multifocal granulomatous vasculitis that was previously called temporal arteritis. The latter term was replaced because the condition was found to affect other vessels in the head or neck besides the temporal artery. Giant cell arteritis generally occurs in individuals over the age of 60 years and principally presents as unilateral headache-like pain in the temporal or occipital region; women are more frequently affected. It is one of the few causes of orofacial pain in which patients describe systemic upset, including weight loss, muscle weakness, and lethargy, although muscle biopsy, enzymology, and electromyography are normal. It may be associated with systemic muscular and joint pain termed polymyalgia rheumatica. The pain can be initiated by eating, and therefore the patient can eat for only short periods before resting to allow the pain to subside. This limitation of normal eating is thought to be ischemic in origin and has been misnamed jaw claudication. It has been proposed that temporal artery biopsy is of value in confirming the diagnosis, but granulomatous lesions occur sporadically along the vessel (skip lesions); therefore, several biopsies or analysis of a length of artery may be required to detect them. More important, delay in obtaining the results of such a biopsy can be hazardous because of possible development of blindness. After symptoms have been controlled, therapy can be reduced, although a low maintenance dose may be required for 3 to 6 months. This condition is a distinct clinical entity consisting of a constant unilateral boring or gnawing dull ache. The pain is chronic, being present every day from the time of waking until the patient goes to sleep. These symptoms do not awaken the patient from sleep, but because the condition is often associated with depression, or a sleep disturbance such as early morning waking may be present. Although poorly localized, the pain most frequently affects one side of the maxilla. Crossing of anatomic boundaries is a frequent feature; for example, the pain may cross the midline of the maxilla or mandible. This finding may be helpful in achieving the diagnosis because most organic pain conditions do not involve anatomic boundaries. Clinical examination will fail to reveal any abnormality, but radiographs of the affected region must be taken to exclude dental or maxillary antral disease. The diagnosis is made on the basis of clinical history and absence of any dental cause of the pain. Typically, a small dose is initiated and is gradually increased until the pain is controlled. Many cases have a long and complicated history of failed dental treatment, although this relationship is poorly defined. Symptoms are localized to one tooth or an edentulous area that is clinically and radiographically normal. When chewing gum was removed from the diet of affected patients, tissues reverted to normal in a matter of weeks. Although similar clinical lesions were noted in patients who did not chew gum, clinical and microscopic evidence still supports an allergic or hypersensitivity reaction. A possible explanation for the appearance of this disorder in non­gum chewers might be that the disease is a reaction to an ingredient in chewing gum, such as mint or cinnamon flavoring, that might also be found in other foods. This peculiar condition is of historical interest because it was relatively prevalent at one time but is rarely encountered today. In the early 1970s, numerous cases, all nearly identical, were seen throughout the United States. Clinicians speculated that chewing gum formulas or sources of offending ingredient(s) were changed, making the product nonallergenic. Clinical Features this condition affects adults and occasionally children of either gender. Burning mouth, tongue, or lips is the usual complaint of patients with plasma cell gingivitis. This condition should not be classified with burning mouth syndrome because distinctive clinical changes are present. The attached gingiva is fiery red and is often edematousappearing but not ulcerated; the tongue mucosa is atrophic and red; and the commissures are reddened, cracked, and fissured (Figures 4-30 and 4-31). The affected epithelium is spongiotic and is infiltrated by various types of inflammatory cells. Langerhans cells are also prominent, and apoptotic keratinocytes may occasionally be seen. The lamina propria displays prominent capillaries and is infiltrated by plasma cells of normal morphology. Most patients respond rather quickly to cessation of gum chewing or use of toothpastes containing cinnamic Histopathology Atypical Odontalgia Treatment Immunologic Abnormalities Plasma Cell Gingivitis Etiology Plasma cell gingivitis was first given the name plasma cell gingivostomatitis because of the prominent plasma cell infiltrate in the tissues affected and because of its undetermined origin. This condition was subsequently named allergic gingivostomatitis because many cases were linked to · Figure 4-30 Plasma cell gingivitis. Failing this, careful dietary history taking is indicated in an attempt to identify an allergic source. A wide variety of agents are known to have this capacity, especially in patients who have a predisposition to the development of allergies. The clinical appearance of allergic response in the skin includes red, erythematous lesions, an urticarial rash, or a vesiculoulcerative eruption. In less intense and less destructive reactions, the mucosa exhibits a generalized and diffuse redness. When the tongue is the primary target, the pattern may be similar to the changes of vitamin B deficiency and anemia. Traumatic injury, if blood vessels are significantly damaged, can result in leakage of blood into surrounding connective tissue, producing red to purple lesions. The types of injury are many and, among other things, are related to cheek biting, persistent and forceful coughing, fellatio, trauma from prosthetic appliances, injudicious hygiene procedures, and iatrogenic dental injuries. In patients with blood dyscrasias, the presenting sign of minor trauma may also be oral red to purple petechiae or ecchymoses. Dental practitioners therefore can have a significant role in recognition of this abnormality. After ruling out a traumatic cause, clinicians should refer patients to an internist or hematologist. All types of leukemia have the potential to produce one or more of the intraoral lesions listed in Box 4-4. In actual practice, monocytic leukemia is most often associated with oral manifestations, myelocytic leukemia (granulocyte series) is next, and lymphocytic leukemia (lymphocytes) is least likely to be associated with oral signs. Acute forms of the leukemias are more likely than chronic forms to be associated with oral lesions.

Anil Roy Journal of Integrated Health Sciences Both National 23476486 (P) 23476494 (O) Dez menstruation anemia cheap dostinex 0.5mg on-line. Hetal Pandya menstruation pain 0.5 mg dostinex with mastercard, Pabani N menstrual symptoms generic 0.5 mg dostinex fast delivery, Shah K menstrual fluid order 0.25mg dostinex with visa, Yadav R, Patel P, Raninga J Journal of Integrated Health Sciences Both National 23476486 (P) 23476494 (O) Dez. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research Both National 2250 - 2014 2858 3 3 212215 Index ijba ijbam Copernicus mr. Sep GoogleGlo bal Impact Facto,India n Science,Go ogle Scholar Index Copernicus Google Scholar Index Copernicus Global Impact Factor Indian Science Journals4fr ee Sciencecen tral ssjou rnals. Bhagya Nerve Condution; Manoj Sattigeri Electrochemistry; Future Prospects Int J Res Med Sci. Gunvanti efficacy of fine Rathod needle aspiration cytology in cervical lymphadenopath y ­ a one year study Effective podium Dr. Rathod presentation Suprascapular malignant fibrous histiocytoma Blackboard as tool for teaching ending of golden era Dr. Rathod radicals-invarious-aspectsof-health-areview-snuL Power point for presentations Important tips Dr. Lakhani & Radhika Khara International online journal of biological & medical research Internatio 0976- 2014 nal 6685 5 2 4089- google 4092 scholar, index copernicus, research gate, medline plus, medbio world ww w. Mangal3, Kunal Pipalia3, Viral Aghera3, Dipen Dabhi3 1Department of Forensic medicine, Smt. Shah Medical Institute and research centre, Vadodara; 2Department of Forensic medicine, C. Kothari, Shridhar Rawal Shridhar Rawal International both Journal of Health science and Research International 22499571 Febrary 4 2014 2 86-90 Scopemed, index copernicus Alpa Patel Asst Indian journal of Both Prof Ophthal Dept Health sciences & Reasearch International 22499571 Jдn. Deepak Patel Associate Health sciences & Reasearch Prof Ophthal Dept International 22499572 Feb. Efficacy of limbal conjunctiva l autograft surgery with stem cells in primary and recurrentpt erygium. Nisarg Shah Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences Print and National Online e-2278- 2014 4802 3 2 416421 Google Scholar 0 jemd s. Parmar (Ex Prof) (Anesthesia) Internation journal of biomedical and advance research Online National 22293809 Apr. Bhavsar Mrugank(R3) (Anaesthesia) International Online Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology National p 2320- Sep. Trushna Shah Biochemistry Assessment of Obesity, Overweight and Its Association with the Fast Food Consumption in Medical Students Elevated Serum ferritin in type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with hbaic Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research Journal of Medical Science & Technology National Journal of Integrated Research in Medicine Transworld Medical Journal Pubmed. Gunvanti Rathod Pathology Suprascapular malignant fibroushistiocytoma - A case report Study of knowledge, attitude and practice of general population of waghodia towards diabetes mellitus Discovery Publication Medline. Gunvanti Medical and Rathod Pathology cervical lymphadenopathy - A pharmaceutical one year study sciences deep vein thrombosis with global journal Dr. Parmar ankylosis Chinar Patel*, Hetal Parikh, Mrugank M Bhavsar and Rama Upadhyaya. Trushna Shah Microproteinuria in Chronic Smokers as a Predictor of renal diseases. Stani Ajay Akkara Pulmonary Tuberculosis:the day after International Journal of Tuberculosis and lung disease Medline. Maulin Mehta medicine wards in a Tertiary pharmacology (Pharmacology) Care Teaching Hospital with and emphasis on efficacy and therapeutics safety of drug used Dr. Lakhani Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Artesunate-Lumefantrine vs. Artemether-Lumefantrine Fixed Dose Combinationin the Treatment of Uncomplicated P. Arti Patel Extra ocular sebaceous carcinoma of the sternum in biposy pubmed. Kataria, (Psychiatry) Perception and prevelance of Domestic Violence in study population. K Baxi,Shobha Reproductive health awareness Misra, Mansi indian journal among urban school going Diwanji, Harsh of psychiatry adolescents in vadodara ctiy Bakshi, Ekta Modi, Sandip Shah, Kalpita Shringarpure Pubmed. Binayakumar Activated Carbon Fabric Masks Bastia to Reduce Lead Absorption-A Pilot Study Dr. Shah Distribution of Vitamin B 12 level according to sociodemographic charecteristics in patients of Dhiraj general Hospital Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Postmenopausal Women of Rural Area of Vadodara District, Gujarat National Journal of Medical Research Scopemed. Patel Obesity is becoming synonym for diabetes in rural areas of India also ­ an alarming situation Dr. Maulik Parikh Sickle cell haemoglobinopathy protection for malaria: is it changing? Desai International Adverse Cutaneous Drug Journal of Google Scholar, Osun-org Reactions in Outdoor Research in Index Copernicus, Genamics. Department of Shree al and Medline Puls Krishna Hospital, Karamsad Biomedical Sciences Google Scholar, Osun-org Index Copernicus, Genamics, iapsmgc. Binayakumar Bastia Acute renal failure following electrocution Indian Journal of Medical Sciences pubmed hrcak. V,Swapnil S Agarwal, Binaya Kumar Bastia Conventional autopsy vis-аvis technology- An overview. Lakhani (Medicine) Once daily Baclofen sustained release or gastroretensive system are acceptable alternatives to thrice daily immediate release at same daily dosage in patients. Climate change and health Deafness and hearing loss Food additives Headache disorders Leprosy 118 121 133 Vol. Box 1202, 13013 Safat, State of Kuwait; Telephone: 1881181 Fax: 25317972, 25333276. No part of this publication may be reproduced without written permission from the publisher. It is the official publication of the Kuwait Medical Association and published quarterly and regularly in March, June, September and December. Submissions on clinical, scientific or laboratory investigations of relevance to medicine and health science come within the scope of its publication. Original articles, case reports, brief communications, book reviews, insights and letters to the editor are all considered. 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Many studies have shown that listening to pleasant music reduces cortisol levels women's health group boca raton order dostinex 0.5mg without prescription, a hormone related to anxiety[15 women's health issues course trusted 0.5 mg dostinex,24 menstrual record chart order dostinex 0.25mg free shipping,25] menstruation pills discount dostinex 0.5mg on-line. In the current study, no significant difference was seen in pre-test and post-test results in ear plug group, which means that using ear plug during surgery was not effective in reducing anxiety in subjects. It seems that separation of patients from the environment and the surrounding events by ear plug not only has no effect in reducing anxiety, but also has an adverse effect. In a study by Gonano et al in Austria in 2010 on 50 patients who underwent orthopedic surgery, after using propofol, patients of intervention group used ear plugs. Similar to our study, they found that the ear plug has no independent sedative effect[9]. In this study, in music and control subjects who were related to parity I group, the mean scores were significantly different before and after the intervention, which may show higher anxiety in parity I group. In addition, in subjects under 30 years of age, the difference between pre- and post-test scores was significant. The difference was also significant in individuals with under diploma educational level. These findings may suggest that primipara and uneducated patients are more influenced by environmental factors compared to experienced and educated parturient. In a study by Yilmaz et al, there was a significant association between sociodemographic features of the patient, the presence of social support and the severity of preoperative anxiety, while no relation was found between the age of patients and the anxiety level[27]. Ear plugs showed no effect on reducing anxiety in pregnant women undergoing caesarian section using spinal anesthesia. Preoperative emotional states in patients with breast cancer and postoperative pain. Acupressure for prevention of pre-operative anxiety: a prospective, randomised, placebo controlled study. Prevention and intervention strategies to alleviate preoperative anxiety in children: a critical review. Effect of earplugs on propofol requirement and awareness with recall during spinal anesthesia. Minimising preoperative anxiety with music for day surgery patients - a randomised clinical trial. The StateTrait Anxiety Inventory, Trait version: structure and content re-examined. Religious coping and anxiety in students of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences 1999-2000. Effects of music listening on cortisol levels and propofol consumption during spinal anesthesia. Effectiveness of different music-playing devices for reducing preoperative anxiety: a clinical control study. Blood pressure and heart rate alterations through music in patients undergoing cataract surgery in Greece. The rewards of music listening: response and physiological connectivity of the mesolimbic system. Amygdala activity can be modulated by unexpected chord functions during music listening. Therapeutic music lowers anxiety, stress and beta-endorphin concentrations in patients from a coronary sport group]. Sex differences in emotional and psychophysiological responses to musical stimuli. Music and its effect on sedative requirements in patients undergoing procedures under regional anaesthesia. As a result, at the meeting of the Council of Medical Deans, it was decided that a new national framework for undergraduate medical education should be created. Data obtained through national consultations were analyzed thematically by three researchers independently. The frame-program was evaluated positively by the stakeholders due to its "providing a perspective aimed at learning", "making contribution to the educational standardization of the faculties", "being functional" and "being a guiding light for practitioners". Among these, the following are those that come into prominence: (a) outcomebased, task-based and community-based educational approaches; (b) quality assurance and national/ international standardization of medical education, (c) the humanities and social/cultural perspective in education, (d) selection/organization of huge learning contents in a contextual/integrated way[1-4]. Considering the literature, it is possible to handle these transformations in three perspectives: 1. As a more holistic approach, preferring learning outcomes instead of learning objectives[5,6]. Designing a curriculum based on outcome-based and problem/task-based approaches[7]. With the top-to-down approach, first of all, determining lists of problems/situations or tasks; after that, specifying related competencies, and finally Address correspondence to: Mehmet Ali Gulpinar,Prof. Tel: +90 216 421 22 22 (1921); Fax number: +90 216 421 22 22 (2004); E-mail: mgulpinar@marmara. Specifying educational content in a way that enables to cover related sciences like basic, clinical, social and humanities, and organizing these contents in a contextual/integrated way[3,8]. In this context, medical education in Turkey has set off on an important quest both on the national level and at the level of medical faculties. In our country, the first important step on a national level aimed at increasing the quality of medical education and ensuring national standardization was taken by the decision of the Medical/Health Sciences Education Council in 2001. Apart from this, list of skills and attitudes were also given, yet these were not handy enough[9]. The program did not have a national frame that should be present in a core curriculum to guide medical schools with main components like "educational outcomes", "educational content", "learning and assessment methods". However today, such situations have been encountered more and more often by graduates in the health area, and therefore needed to be dealt with. Moreover, there have been two prominent challenges in the course of the past ten years. One of these challenges has been the growing impact imposed by the transformations experienced in medical education worldwide (outcome-based, taskbased and community-based educational approaches; quality assurance and national/international standardization of medical education, the humanities and social/cultural perspective in education, selection/ organization of huge learning contents in a contextual/ integrated way). The other challenge has been the rapid and insufficiently planned increase in the number of medical faculties in Turkey. The placement of students to medical schools in Turkey is made by a two-step central placement test taken by high school graduates. All high school students take the tests, yet the placement to medical schools is made according to results of mathematics, geometry, physics and biology sections of these tests. Students are placed in one of the medical schools if they have a high score success in the tests (scoring within the uppermost group of 1 - 2%). These challenges have necessitated the problem to be taken in hand again on a national level. Accordingly, at the meeting of the Medical Deans Council in December 2012, it was decided that a working group should be formed in order for a new national framework to be constructed. Accordingly it aimed at reaching a certain standard in medical education on the national level in line with the contemporary educational principles and approaches. After this decision, firstly, the medical deans were informed, and they were asked to be the members of the work group to be formed or to assign a representative each. As a result, an expert working group was formed with the participation of 20 academic members from 14 different departments. The group started to work in April 2013, and the process was completed in March 2014. In this process, in which two evaluation meetings and six workshops were held, nine presentations were made, and 31 group work sessions were conducted. In this context, four main components of the undergraduate medical education were defined as "The Aim of the Undergraduate Medical Education and the Frame of National Competencies", "The List of Symptoms/Situations", "The List of the Core Diseases/ Clinical Problems", and "The List of the Basic Medical Practices". As a result, three lists were formed: "The List of Symptoms/Situations", "The List of the Core Diseases/Clinical Problems" and "The List of the Basic Medical Practices". During the workshops, two different approaches emerged for "the Frame of National Competencies". While some of the group members preferred to define the competencies list at a national level, others preferred just to construct a national frame for it and to leave the further determination of competencies to medical faculties. The partners with whom the draft was shared were all the medical faculties and other relevant institutions and organizations like medical education associations, specialist associations concerning primary health care, the Turkish Medical Association and the Ministry of Health. The consultation reports were received from 37 different institutions and organizations. Upon the independent initial analyses through iterative processing, the researchers arrived at a consensus regarding common themes and categories. Themes and categories that emerged from this qualitative analysis are presented in the results.

I feel very 5 Many young children get that a few days menstrual migraine prevention buy cheap dostinex 0.25mg line, but then they get better menopause mayo clinic dostinex 0.5mg free shipping. In Minnesota menopause dry vagina discount dostinex 0.5 mg line, there is another important change: Fewer students drop out of school or change schools breast cancer statistics purchase dostinex 0.25mg without prescription. Paragraph Paragraph Paragraph B Circle the letter of the best main idea for each paragraph. In a reading, you can often find answers to these questions: What is the cause, or why does something happen? These words are related to education, B Fill in the blanks with words from Part A. In democratic schools, students of all ages and some adults vote on all important questions. Organizing information into a chart can help you understand the reading in a new way. B Use the answers in Part A to help you complete the chart about differences between Sudbury Valley School students and students in most schools. Another 1 blocks: small squares made of wood or plastic; children use them to build things 2 keep your balance: not fall over when you stand or walk 3 crawl: move forward on your hands and knees 28 Unit 2 Sociolo ul. He stays with a/ an 6 Some women feel more comfortable with a/ an - doctor. Chapter S King Peggy 39 Quidditch: the World of Harry Potter Comes to Life 6 -,-·-·-. Sociology compete event (have) in common movement reality Academic Word list Literature charader fidion novel the chart shows some important words from the reading. News 1 Middlebury College, Yale, Harvard: three universities in the United States 2 broomstick: the long handle of a broom 3 scoring system: a way to count points in a game 42 Unit 2 Sociology ww 0w1. At Quidditch World Cup events, 6 people want to win, but they also want to have fun. I) the box for the type of information you are looking for: a name of a person, a name of a place, a number, or a date. New York City 46 2005 Harry Potter 700 Middlebury College B Scan the reading "Quidditch: the World of Harry Potter Comes to Life" on pages 42-43. Rescue in Chile Drill Mine entrance Air shafts Mine falls in 2 3 Thirty-three men are in a small, dark place. I) the box for the type of information you are looking for: a name, a number, or a date. Finding main ideas and supporting details will help you understand a reading better. Science human mind Academic Word List Education ability correctly memorize practice (v. Everyone needs to put the cards in this deck in the same order as the cards in the first deck. Maybe 1 championship: a competition to find the best team or player in a game or sport; a champion is the winner of a competition 66 Unit 3 Science Katharina sees the cards in the kitchen. For example, maybe you want to remember to buy a pen, a notebook, and some paper today. Marketing brand customer product sales advertise Academic Word List awareness goal target (v. The average FarmVille player is between 20 and 40 years old, and more than half of the players are women. The food company pays Zynga to put Cascadian Farms products in the FarmVille game. Organizing information in a chart can help you understand the reading in a 1 1 · o I · 1 1 e 1 1 · ·. Marketing ad (advertisement) cheap message Academic Word List equipment location unique Art and Design artistic graffiti imagination sculpture the chart shows some important words from the reading. So the next time you see something unusual in the street or on the bus, look again. They look like 6 Different companies use guerrilla ads: a health club, a barbecue company, and a supermarket. Why did the note in the car·say, "Feel free to get inside and move the car" j Asking and answering "Why? Marketing Academic Word List area persuade resources Travel and Tourism campaign publicity promise (n. For example, there is Asian Idol in six Asian countries, Turkstar in Turkey, Star Academy in some Arabic-speaking countries, and idolos Brasil in Latin America. They want to be better than 10 Simon Cowell is a famous judge with a nasty- Some other judges copy it. They help you make sentences: 2 People make movies here: 3 Make something new: 4 We work for a long time on this activity at school or work: 5 this group of people works on a movie: 6 Change words into a different language: 7 Examples of this type ofsound are a, e, i, o, and u: 8 Examples ofthis type of sound are b,j, r, and m: 9 this person is in charge ofthe actors. Then your reading speed will go up, and reading for j your classes will be easier. Write this information: your starting time, your finishing time, and the number of minutes in between. Story title: "A New Language" (341 words) Starting time: Finishing time: Total reading time: minutes *Reading speed: words per minute *To calculate your reading speed, divide the number of words in the reading (341 words) by your total reading time. Which words appear most frequently in readings in different academic subject areas? These are words like estimate and estimation; analyze, analysis, and analytical; evident, evidence, and evidently - words that you can expect to find when reading a sociology text, a computer science text, or even a music studies text. So if you want to read nonfiction in English or academic English, these are the words that are going to be most useful for you to study and learn. In the following list, we show you all the words that are from the Academic Word List that are in all four books of the Read This! However, the words in the list that are followed by letters and numbers are words that are the focus of study in one of the readings. When the letters and numbers after the word appear in color, that tells you that the word is the focus of study in this Read This! From time to time you might want to study the words in this list and test yourself. By going to the chapter where the word appears, you can see the words in context, which is one of the best ways to study new or unfamiliar words. Thomas/iStoc:kphoto 81 ©Dylan Goldblatt 83 ©Fitness Company 84 Courtesy of Kate Spencer 88 ©Numismondo. Externe Sachverstдndige, die wissenschaftliche Forschungsauftrдge fьr das Institut bearbeiten, haben gemдЯ § 139b Abs. Das Institut hat von jedem der Sachverstдndigen ein ausgefьlltes Formular,Darlegung potenzieller Interessenkonflikte" erhalten. Die Angaben wurden durch das speziell fьr die Beurteilung der Interessenkonflikte eingerichtete Gremium des Instituts bewertet. Die Selbstangaben der externen Sachverstдndigen und der externen Reviewerin zu potenziellen Interessenkonflikten sind in Anhang I dargestellt. Es wurden keine Interessenkonflikte festgestellt, die die fachliche Unabhдngigkeit im Hinblick auf eine Bearbeitung des vorliegenden Auftrags gefдhrden. Olaf von dem Knesebeck, Universitдtsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Delia Mцller, Universitдtsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Dr. Stefan Nickel, Universitдtsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg Externes Review des Vorberichts: Dr. Lebensjahr im Sinne eines universellen Sprachscreenings hinsichtlich patientenrelevanter Therapieziele. Durch eine mцglichst frьhzeitige Diagnose und Behandlung einer umschriebenen Sprachentwicklungsstцrung sollen Entwicklungsbeeintrдchtigungen eines Kindes und deren mцglicherweise lebenslange Konsequenzen vermieden oder zumindest vermindert werden. Methode Der vorliegende Bericht untersuchte die Fragestellung nach einem absteigend hierarchischen Vorgehen: Die grцЯte Aussagekraft bezьglich der Fragestellung sollten Studien liefern, die die gesamte Screeningkette ьberprьften und so am besten die Frage nach dem Nutzen eines universellen Sprachscreenings beantworten kцnnten. Sollten hier keine klaren Belege ersichtlich sein, so kцnnte gegebenenfalls auch als Beleg fьr die Effektivitдt des Screenings gelten, wenn geeignete deutschsprachige Instrumente zur Diagnose von umschriebenen Sprachentwicklungsstцrungen zur Verfьgung stьnden und hinreichende Evidenz fьr den Nutzen der Sprachtherapie generell sowie fьr den Nutzen einer frьhzeitigen im Vergleich zu einer spдt(er)en Behandlung bestьnde. Zur Beantwortung der Teilfragestellung,Screening" sollten randomisierte oder nicht randomisierte Studien mit adдquaten MaЯnahmen zur Vermeidung von Selektionsprozessen einbezogen werden, in denen ein universelles mit einem Vorgehen ohne Screening verglichen wurde oder ein Vergleich unterschiedlich intensiver Screeningstrategien erfolgte. Der Diagnoseteil befasste sich ausschlieЯlich mit der Gьte der Sprachentwicklungstests. Betrachtet werden sollten Studien mit Kindern aus der Gesamtbevцlkerung bis zur Vollendung des 6. Lebensjahres (Vorschulkinder), in denen vollstдndige Vierfeldertafeln fьr die diagnostische bzw.

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